Charles Bremner in Paris
Subscribe to The Times and The Sunday Times

France’s wartime cooperation with the Nazi Holocaust has become the latest front in President Sarkozy’s struggle to impose his ideas on an increasingly recalcitrant nation.
The President has stirred up a hornet’s nest with an instruction that every ten-year-old pupil should know the identity of one of the 11,000 Jewish children who were deported from France to their deaths at Nazi hands.
“The children must know the name and life story of a child who died in the Shoah,” Mr Sarkozy said.
The order, announced at a dinner on Wednesday with Jewish leaders, has been attacked by Mr Sarkozy’s opponents as a self-serving diversion at a time when he is wallowing in unpopularity after his marriage to Carla Bruni, the Italian super-model.
It is also being linked with Mr Sarkozy’s controversial embrace of religious values. Jewish on his mother’s side and a nonpractising Catholic, Mr Sarkozy has come close to breaching France’s century-old barrier between government and religion.
Jewish leaders have given his order a cautious welcome. Serge Klarsfeld, the veteran Nazi-hunter, called it “a good way to talk about this tragedy”.
Teachers, child experts, parents and Jewish intellectuals are unimpressed. “This is completely out of line,” said Marie-Odile Rucine, chief paediatrician for Paris public hospitals. “It is an aberration from the psychological point of view.”
The teachers accused Mr Sarkozy of dangerous meddling. “How can one understand this idea of weighing down such young children with the memory of a dead Jewish child?” said Luc Berille, leader of UNSA, the left-wing main teachers’ union.
The strongest Jewish criticism of Mr Sarkozy’s Holocaust order came from Simone Veil, a former Cabinet minister who survived deportation as a child. She said that it was disgraceful and unjust to inflict such a duty on schoolchildren Pascal Bruckner, an influential writer-philosopher, said that Mr Sarkozy was exploiting France’s guilt over its collaboration with the Germans in deporting 75,000 Jews. Since President Chirac recognised the crimes of the occupied state in 1995, the Holocaust has been taught in schools, and survivors visit classrooms. France now marks an annual Holocaust memorial day.
In a reminder of France’s continuing unease with its wartime record, the widow of the late President Mitterrand has delivered a fierce attack on a new TV drama about his period working for the Vichy regime. Danielle Mitterrand said that Mitterrand at Vichy blackened his name.
Mr Sarkozy’s idea springs from his belief that French children must become more involved in their country’s history, especially with the wartime generation dying out. He earlier stirred charges of exploitation when, on taking office last May, he decreed that all secondary schools must annually read to their pupils a letter from Guy Môquet, a 17-year-old resistance fighter, on the eve of his execution by the Germans in 1942.
The Holocaust order has also caused confusion because it appears to contradict Mr Sarkozy’s line during his election campaign. He won right-wing support but raised eyebrows by arguing then that France should shed its “culture of repentance” because it had “never committed a crime against humanity” during the occupation.
Henry Russo, an historian, wrote in Libération, the left-wing newspaper, that for Mr Sarkozy “the past has become a depository of political resources where everyone can pick what they want to serve their interests”.
Mr Sarkozy’s supporters note that he has always been deeply attached to the power of history and faith and that he set this out in his book The Republic, Religions, Hope, published in 2004. In his speech to Jewish leaders, Mr Sarkozy said that France should be secular but positive about religion.
Vichy’s collaboration
— In October 1940 in the “Montoire interview”, Philippe Pétain, the Vichy Chief of State, agreed collaboration with Adolf Hitler
— On August 20, 1941, French police proceeded to arrest every male Jew aged between 18 and 50
— In 2006 the French state and railway operator SNCF were found guilty of colluding to deport Jews and ordered to pay compensation
Source: www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org
Read the training tips and advice that helped our London Triathletes
Enjoy screenings of all the classic films you love, plus take advantage of two-for-one tickets
Times Online's new TV show helps you make the right decisions for your pet
Read our exclusive 100 Years of Fleming and Bond interactive timeline, packed with original Times articles and reviews
The latest travel news plus the best hotels and gadgets for business travellers
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles


Overseas contacts and local business information

A treasure trove of baubles, booty and stylish quests

2007
£47,995
2008
£42,945
06/2006
£40,850
Great car insurance deals online
£33,000
Macmillan Cancer Support
Central/South West
£50k
NHS
Nationwide
£
£30k OTE
Meltwater News
Nationwide
circa £70k
Central Office of Information
London
Great Dubai Investment Opportunities
from £89,950
Luxury Appts, beautiful gardens w/ Thames views
Studios £33K, 1 Beds £60K, 2 beds £79K
Great Investment, River Views
New York Christmas Shopping
Christmas Cruises
From only £995pp
APTs East Coast now from only
£2425pp.
Great travel insurance deals online
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times. Globrix Property Search - find property for sale and rent in the UK. Visit our classified services and find jobs, used cars, property or holidays. Use our dating service, read our births, marriages and deaths announcements, or place your advertisement.
Copyright 2008 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
why don't they learn also the names of all victims of French Slave traders, French colonial regime and the names of the victims of all the aggressive wars waged by France, the kinds and Napoleons?
Carlos Kleiber, London,
We have the solution to the controversy--a poignant story, told in the voice of the child (age 4 at the beginning of the war) who was hidden in a convent. She survived, as did her immediate family, due to the courage of the villagers and the nuns who risked their lives to protect Jewish families. A moving story of courage and survival.
We publish the book in French, "Your Name is Renee," and I, who had a long career teaching French, wrote the accompanying study guide.
There is also a DVD where the child survivor tells her story in English.
Joanne Silver, Mgr. Beach Lloyd Publishers, LLC, Wayne, PA
The power of this symbolism should not be underestimated. Those who poo-poo or dismiss it should be ashamed of themselves.
William McGregor, Melbourne, Australia
President Sarkozy should be praised for his audacious initiative.
Exposing fifth graders to the stories of children who were murdered by the Nazis, as long as it is done with care and responsibility, is an important programme.
Holocaust education should start at an early age and identification and empathy are the right tools.
Our Foundation has a wealth of experience in developing such programmes. We have learned that the lessons of the Holocaust should not only be based on the atrocities perpetrated by the Nazis, but also through the stories of the saviours, the heroes and the victims.
Sarkozy is leading France into a club of countries, such as the UK, Canada and Germany, which understand that educating the youngsters is the best antidote against a new genocide.
We applaude Mr Sarkozy's initiative.
Aldo Nasjleti
The International Raoul Wallenberg Foundation
www.raoulwallenberg.net
Buenos Aires-Jerusalem-New York
Aldo Nasjleti, Jerusalem, Israel
Given the percentage of the Basque population that was Jewish, the numbers stated by Romain do not suggest a different perspective. And while there have indeed been other acts of genicide both before and after the Holocaust, the holocaust was the only one in which segments of the French population were complicit. It is fitting, therefore, that they teach it in their schools -- and that when they do, thy do not flinch about revealing the role of the Vichy regime.
S. Kaplan, NYC, USA
A moving and beautiful idea from Sarkozy. How different from the incitement to hatred of Jews being forced down the throats of children in Palestine and much of the Muslim world.
Andy Gill, London,
It is important for all children around the world to learn about the Holocaust and WWII. Through education comes understanding and tolerance. But to focus in this way on one group of victims from one period in time makes a mockery of all others who have died through violence, oppression and hatred throughout the centuries. What about the victims of the Vichy collaboration? What about victims of French colonialism?
If we truly want to teach this generation we need to place the study in the present, so its meaningful and appropriate. If Mr Sarkozy wishes to teach French children about suffering, have them each "adopt" a child from an impoverished region of the world - learn their plight, their suffering, and encourage them to help this child with writing, raising money for the care, etc.
Stop living in the past and wringing our hands about past injustices, and lets do something to deal with today's injustices and maybe set the stage to avoid future injustices.
Michael Gosemann, Surrey, BC Canada
Maybe the French children should also learn the names of all the people who activly participated in sending these people to their deaths.
As my Father often said, the French policemen who you see in many of the film reels of the liberation of Paris, were, two days prior to the event still rounding up French resistance fighters and also activly supporting deportations.
peter andrew, Montreal, Canada
Odd...I thought the American's killed all the Jews (or was that the Arabs). The world seems to think we are responsible for every other wrong on the planet.
Nice of the Euro's to address history in it's correct context. Maybe this will force the French to remember the rest of the lessons from WW2.
TheDudeUSA, Wilmington, USA / NC
In my region (french basque region), out of 880 people who died in the camps, 220 were jewish. I dont know what the narional records are. Our region was a prohibited zone, under full german military control.
That sImple statistic would suggest another perspective.
Romain
Romain, Bayonne, France
Palestine, Rwanda,Vietnam, Maos China, Iraq... just to name a few places where the world again bore silent witness to mass slaughter. We should remember the Holocaust but not exclusively or selectively. I suppose the easiest way is to let the Germans be a the bogeyman for all guilty parties everywehere for all time and then no one else has to fess up.
My address is in Germany but I'm not German ( They are not allowed an opinion as we know).
Alfred, Berlin
Alfred, Berlin, Germany
WHY?
Did the French somehow become responsible?
I thought that was the Germans - no wait.. thats the Palestiniansright?..and they traded land for their transgressions?
To the garbage with Holocaust education. Soviet Russias crimes dwarfed that.
Garbage.
ralphie, nashville, usa
Ben:
Denmark. Just a smaller country so obviously fewer Jews to save but 98% of Danish Jews survived. And to my knowledge the Danish government did not send Jews to concentration camps as the French one did. Whereas I agree that all the courageous people who saved Jews should certainly not be forgotten, it is time for the French to deal with all aspects of their history.
Sabrina, Horndon,
It's all very well looking back in sadness, but our view of history should not blind us to the present.
The UK is rapidly descending into the same kind of totalitarian regime that allowed the holocaust to happen. So learn from history and apply it to today, otherwise we might as well just forget it.
Mike Poulsen, Reading, Berkshire
How exactly is this controversial? Reading the diary of Anne Frank is a central part of every child's education, and this seems like a great proposal to share the story of many more children, and to do so with a France-specific theme.
Leave it to the French to find controversy where none exists. Is there anything they wont grill Sarkozy about?
Bryan, San Francisco, USA
There's nothing wrong and everything right about teaching history as it really happened. That said, this seems to be a sort of strange way to teach children about France during WW2.
At least they're not rewriting history.
gb, Austin, USA
There is also a problem with the figure of 75,000 Jews sent to nazi death camps. While this figure is true, you ommit to count the number of Jews living in France who escaped nazi barbarity. Do you know many countries in Europe, defeated by Germany, where as many Jews were saved from the nazis as the Jews of France ?
Ben, Paris, France
,,,,as a child schoa survivor I say Never to forgei,,,,,,,,,,,,,,
m. nadler, vancouver, canada