David Charter in Mitrovica
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The main bridge linking the Albanian and Serb communities in Kosovo's most volatile city was deserted yesterday as an international group cautioned that the area was in danger of becoming a long-term “frozen conflict”.
Loops of razor wire were stretched across the road on the northern, Serb side of the Ibar river dividing Mitrovica. They also surrounded the courthouse at the centre of Monday's clashes in which a Ukrainian UN policeman died from suspected grenade wounds.
Condoleezza Rice, the US Secretary of State, led calls for restraint after 150 were wounded in the worst day of violence since the fledgeling state declared independence a month ago. But alongside her in Moscow, Sergei Lavrov, Russia's Foreign Minister, underlined the wide divide among world powers when he restated opposition to Kosovo's split from Serbia.
In a café facing the barricaded river crossing Serbian campaigners were in no mood to back down. This is the spot where the divide between Kosovo's main ethnic communities is in danger of becoming the partition line of the new country into the mainly Albanian south and the Serb north.
“If they want independence, well OK - but not on Serb territory,” said Nikola Kabasic, who was a judge working at Mitrovica court until the UN took control in 1999 after the expulsion of Slobodan Milosevic's Serb forces.
“We shall continue our protest until that building is a court which belongs to the people who live here and who have a right to have a judiciary from their own community,” he said.
The showdown over the court is seen as the latest step in a Serb campaign to assert authority in the north, after attempts to seize key rail lines and attacks on border posts after the independence declaration on February 17.
The UN has withdrawn its police and judicial staff from northern Mitrovica, leaving a state of martial law, with French and Spanish Nato soldiers patrolling the streets and guarding the empty court building.
A UN spokesman defended Monday's dawn raid on Serb protesters who had occupied the court, saying that it had learnt that a second UN building was about to be occupied. The spokesman added: “We spent three days trying to get the protesters out in a peaceful manner. The credible information that there was a plan to take over another building left no alternative but to retake the courthouse.”
The UN police are expected to come back as soon as relative calm returns but the violent flare-up showed the tinderbox atmosphere facing the EU when it takes over the UN's responsibility for police and judicial issues in Kosovo later this year.
A pathfinding EU mission has abandoned its headquarters in northern Mitrovica after bomb threats and there is widespread hostility from the Serbian population after 16 EU nations formally recognised Kosovan independence.
“Serbs will definitely not accept the EU, there will be a whole new load of trouble,” said a 28-year-old man near Mitrovica's main bridge.
“It would mean that the Kosovan government will control the north part of Kosovo where Serbs are living. The best thing is for Kosovo to stay part of Serbia but obviously the EU and the Americans do not like this.”
Mr Kabasic added: “We already have effective partition in Kosovo. We have nationality partition, we have political partition and we have religious partition. You have two separate worlds.”
The warning that Kosovo was heading for long-term, unresolved conflict came from the International Crisis Group in a report on the first month of independence. It recommended that the Government in Pristina, the EU and Nato press more countries to recognise Kosovan independence. Only 28 countries have given formal approval so far. It also called for an urgent strategy for dealing with interference from Serbia.
The group gave warning: “Belgrade is pushing Kosovo Serbs to break all contacts with Kosovo institutions and is strengthening its own control in the north. It has instructed Kosovo Serbs to oppose the new EU missions.
“There is a real risk that partition will harden at the Ibar river in the north, and Kosovo will become another frozen conflict, like the breakaway regions of Abkhazia or Nagorno-Karabakh,” it said.
Besim Hoti, a spokesman for the Kosovo police service based on the south side of the Ibar river, saw grounds for optimism despite the outbreak of violence. “We have still not had any direct clashes between the ethnic communities which is very encouraging and important for future security,” he said.
City on the edge
— Mitrovica, about 50 miles northwest of the Kosovan capital, Pristina, was the focal point of the March 2004 riots that erupted across the region after rumours circulated that Serbs had been responsible for drowning an Albanian child
— Nineteen people - 8 Kosovan Serbs and 11 Kosovan Albanians - were killed, and more than 1,000 people wounded, including 120 police officers and international peacekeepers
— A steel truss bridge over the Ibar river divides the roughly 40,000 Serbs living in the north from the 80,000 Kosovo Albanians in the south
— In late 2003 there was a slight lessening of tension between north and south. The security measures on the main bridge were relaxed and provided by Kosovo police rather than Nato
— About 77 per cent of the population are unemployed
Sources: Organisation for Security and Co-operation in Europe; Encyclopaedia Britannica
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It was obvious when I deployed as part of KFOR in 1999, that the final outcome for Kosovo had to be independence. It was also clear that the Serbs in their enclave north of the Ibar would not accept this. It was mainly our political leaders who would not admit this ground truth. The Serbs are being poorly served by the 'West" who have set the conditions where a group of unsavoury characters have been allowed to form an independent country. We knew Thaci as a thug in 99. Follow the money and see where his wealth comes from. The Albanians had no reason to compromise with Belgrade, even though they were offered autonomy. So now the final chapter will be the partition of Kosovo, just as legal as the partition of Serbia. We reap what we sew...
Rob, Ottawa, Canada
North Kosovo must stay inside of Serbia, and south Serbian enclaves must gain exterritorial status of Kosovo and be part of Serbia.
Irony is that Serbia and Croatia, as two independent states, have better relations than Bosniaks, Serbs and Croats in Bosnia and Herzegovina. So, ethnic borderies could bring peace to South-East Europe, and therefore partition of Kosovo is the less bad solution.
Nemia, Novi Sad, Serbia
There can be no more maligned and misrepresented people in the world than the Serbs. As a British citizen I watch with shame and horror as we systematically betray one of our staunchest allies in the war against Hitler.
750,000 Serbian families were expelled from the Krijina region of Croatia and our so called peacekeepers stood and watched. Little wonder that Kosova Serbs look to Belgrade and Moscow for protection.
andrew mccann, belfast, uk
I am telling Serbs to partition northern Kosovo, let it all stabalize and move in Serb ground troops for protection and when the U.S. cannot afford to keep Camp Bondsteel and withdraw in a few years by then Serbia will have regained strength and will conduct military exersizes with Russian troops in Serbia and then take back what is theirs by force.
The Russian troops would join them and I say good luck NATO, I dare you to try and attack then.
Sava, Beloit, U.S./Wisconsin
Thank you God for being a Serb.
We will survive guys whatever you throw on as. We've been bombed before,mass killed, flocked into extermination camps not so long ago, lived in ghettos and isolation. "Better death than a slave" is what Serbs chanted faced with Hitler. Today there is more Serb refugees than any other nation in region, but we are only side responsible for ethnic cleansing. We are presented as mindless bloodthirsty murderous half humans so all other ethnicities have right on self determination except as. Only in Serbia there are minorities living on their areas as before the war, unharmed, even Albanians (sorry Kosovars), and yet we are only oppressor in Balkans. We've always been the problem for any world power wishing to control the Balkans because of our idea that we can be free. For honorable cross and golden freedom. We will never surrender. Enough is enough.
dalmat, zadar, uk/croatia
Has Europe not learned from all its bitter experiences how great a matter can be kindled by a little fire? Remember, a fire knows no boarders!
Keith Cantrell, Johannesburg, South Africa
Mr. James A,
Sine New Orleans Parrish has not been treated in "an objective, fair and constructive manner", and since its majority population has abandoned and dispossessed through gentrification program, "secession is utterly necessary".
Stanley Laham, Davie, Florida
JamesA look back at your history before you make an ignorant comment about Kosovo. Why is the US even involved in a civil war? Where was the genocide? NATO attacked a soverign country who is a Charter Member of the UN!!!!
Why didnt the US do anything about Rawanda? 250,000 people lost their lives in a 6 week period. We did nothing.
We Americans would be as angry as the Serbs are if 15% of the US was amputated and , lets say, given back to Mexico.
We wouldnt stand for it, why should they? International Law is EXACTLY THAT, it is the law and must be obeyed no matter what the circumstances are. Helsinki treaties, UN SC 1244...the UN in its whole... are they worthless? These acts basically toss them all aside.
JohnZ, Chicago, IL
This will not end. It is absurd to cut off a piece of a country just because one ethnic group demands independence. You cannot construct artificial borders.
NATO moved into Kosovo to stop Serbian agressions. The Serbian people suffered 78 days of bombs for what their leader did. Serbs signed the peace treaty based on UN Resolution which states, categorically, that Kosovo is an integral part of Serbia.
Now, 10 years later, Kosovo declares "independence" ILLEGALLY. The world has no right to "recognize" Kosovo as a country. What happened happened ten years ago. The people of Serbia should not be punished now. Kosovo can exist with a lot of autonomy, the Albanian sections can enjoy self-government and go on being part of Serbia the way it's always been. Social engineering does NOT work.
Parklyn, Bethesda, MD
Events in March 2004 were not riots, that was (as UN officials latter confirmed) an orginized pogrom of the Serbian people in Kosovo with many thousends of Serbs made to flee their homes, and many (Serbian) homes and churches were burnt. The only resistance to the pogrom happened in Mitrovica as this is the only major city in Kosovo where a significant number of serbs still lives. In all other cities 99% of Serbs had to leave. For example, several thousend of Serbs lived in Pristina before 1999, and now there is less than 100. That best describes UN and NATO "achievements" in Kosovo and the Serb sentiment towards them.
D, Christchurch, NZ
america makes the rules and then brakes the rules can some one explain what is right and what is wrong i do not understand america ?
nick, syd, oz
Had the Serbian government met its obligations to lead Kosovo in an objective, fair and constructive manner, secession would not have been called-for. As it is, it was utterly necessary.
JamesA, Manhattan, NY, USA
I wish i was over there in serbia so i can help my brothers serbs to protect whats ours,I was in the army 1999 in Presevo and back then we was protecting what was ours,we cant give that away.
kralj-ibi, sydney, Australia
Well, if the rational for awarding the Kosovo Albanians with the 15% of territory of Serbia was as a pay back for their suffering ... and acknowledgment that those two nations can not live in the same state (Serbia)...What is the rational for hoping that those two nation can live in the same state (Kosovo)? What, you change the label and troubles go away? It seems we have the same "brilliant masterminds" who planned this being the same one doing it to Afghanistan, Irak , Palestine...
Serbs do not get despondent - they get even!
In 5, 10 or 20 years. Serbs will still be harvesting their fields long after the name USA and Britain fades from the historical records.
Sincere condolences, however, to the family of the Ukrainian "peace-keeper" ...
The UN authorities placed him in the wrong place, at the wrong time , set him up to no-good and disposed of him...buy putting him into the harms way on task that has nothing to do with "peace"nor "keeping"
Dobrinko Doslo, Kitchener, CANADA
The Serbs must fight this all the way. What is happening in Kosovo is illegal!!!!!
k, london, UK