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The world has been introduced to the true face of Julius Caesar with the discovery in a river in southern France of a bust that was sculpted in the lifetime of the Roman leader.
The marble sculpture, found in the bed of the Rhône in the town of Arles, has been authenticated as a realistic likeness of Caesar, wrinkled and balding in his fifties and probably modelled from life.
“It is the only known bust of the living Caesar, except for the Mask of Turin, which was made just before or after his death, said Luc Long, the Ministry of Culture archaeologist who found it along with other treasures last autumn. “Even in Rome, no one has found a portrait of the living Caesar,” he added.
The bust, which has a broken nose, dates from between 49 and 46BC, the period when Caesar founded the Roman colony of Arles, to thank the town for helping him to conquer the nearby port of Marseille. Caesar used Arles as a base for his campaign against Pompey, his rival.
Mr Long speculated that the bust may have been thrown into the river just after Caesar was assassinated by Brutus and fellow conspirators in 44BC “because it wouldn’t have been a good idea to show you were his supporter”. Experts agreed that the life-sized head matched the known official portrait of Caesar, which featured on coins struck in his lifetime.
“These really are his features. I recognised them immediately,” said Mr Long. “It is a new image, with the realism of the period, before the conventional representations of a divine Caesar. He has a long neck, wrinkles showing his age, the prominent Adam’s apple, the high and wide forehead and marked baldness.” Michel L’Hour, director of the underwater architecture institute at Marseilles, to which Mr Long belongs, said that the bust became apparent after a movement in the silt bed of the Rhône.
“It is very well preserved, as items found under water often are. It is very realistic. Not at all prettified. Caesar’s features are hard and ageing. That makes it remarkable. It is much more human than the stereotypical statues which show him with laurel crowns. It is the oldest bust of Caesar and it was doubtless sculpted to honour him as the patron of the town of Arles.” Christine Albanel, the Culture Minister, congratulated the archaeologists on finding a unique object that enriched the world’s heritage.
Ms Albanel called the Caesar bust unique and “an outstanding discovery in a class of its own”. Her ministry called it “the oldest representation yet known of Caesar”. The other items found by the underwater team were a marble statue nearly six feet tall of the god Neptune dating from the beginning of the third century AD, and smaller bronzes, one of a Greek satyr with its hands tied behind its back.
Mr L’Hour said that it was common for residents of ancient towns to throw unwanted goods into the river.
“The Caesar bust may have been on display in a public institution or in a patrician villa. One can imagine that with the assassination of Caesar, they tried to get rid of it quickly by throwing it into the river because he had become an embarrassing person to venerate. We do not have much knowledge of Caesar’s time in Arles,” he told The Times.
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as realistic as it shows not only some arguable intelligence but also that the individual was a psychologically sick person,beyond epileptic and other adrenal problems perhaps since childhood
poley de ayala, s.francisco, USA
By the Zeus. He looks like actor William H. Macy!
Anne Sterling, salem, ma
I am not so sure that this is an image of Caesar but it is an impressive find regardless.
The bust has a look of intelligence about it - Bush doesn't have that.
Rolando, Laredo, USA
Sorry call me a cynic but I do not believe this story.
dean, Sydney, Australia
Sorry but the bust looks more like Galba 68 - 69 CE Similar features to the bust in the Capitoline Museum Rome
Mark A, Perth, West Australia
well, they were related..uncle/nephew...
Claudia, Cincinnati,
I think it looks more like Augustus.
Carter, Midwest, US
I certainly hope that it is Caesar. It's a very expressive face. I've been reading a lot about Caesar in particular (and Roman history in general) in the last few months. The details of those times are fascinating.
Rick, Columbus, OH, USA
I agree with Antonia; Where is the full view???
Steve, Plainfield CT, USA
Frank is right. Or rather, George W. Bush looks like Julius Caesar. A very odd coincidence!
Sandy, Vancouver, Canada
George Bush is going to leave office on noon January 20, 2009, in a lawful and Constitutional way. He is neither a Caesar, nor a dictator; rather, he is a man whose vision for America and its role in the world clashed with those of Europe and the Middle East, and thus was unable to achieve them.
Gregory Baker, Odenton, Maryland, USA
Charles, Your article states that the bust has been "authenticated" as Caesar's--how and by whom please? And how was it placed within such a short time span? Also, two other statutes were found in the river, including one of Neptune, which, to me, weakened the assassination argument. More details!
Josephine, Southborough,
my favourite bust is Caracalla. He looks nearly as evil as he was!
Nigel, Whitby, u.k.
Horace, Florence -- Don'ìt compare The Americans with the Romans, please. The House White is made following Vitruvio and Palladio. The Roman Empire lasted for centuries, the American are at the beginning.At a certain point every nation
wants to be Roman, but only the Romans were the Romans.
andrea, Firenze,
Mary Beard, the Times' blogger on all things classical, has a very different view of this. So does every reputable archaeologist and historian.
See:
"The face of Julius Caesar? Come off it!"
http://timesonline.typepad.com/dons_life/2008/05/the-face-of-jul.html
Mark, Jhb,
Please, don't compare the great Cesar to Bush
andrea, Firenze,
This is amazing. It is like finding a protohuman fossil from 2m years ago. The chances are near zero.Cesear indeed died 2000years ago but his historical legacy is such that we are still very much in his shadow.
Leslie Udwin, Bulawayo, Zimbabwe.
He's looking good for it's final years. He was a great man, always trying to reach his idol Marius. Go Ceasar.
Arthur, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
Man this guy ruled the knowned world, cool. Conquering Gaul maybe was maybe his difficult task. I "give the Caesar what is the Caesar's"
cheers
Robin, Barlad, Romania
WOW, is all I can say. This bust really is different from other, more stylized busts of Roman nobles. What a wonderful find. I feel like I am looking into the real face of Caesar for the first time. (I sort of agree with the other post that states he looks a bit like George Bush).
Leslie, Chicago, USA
He has a look of michael woods the historian about him if you ask me
John, Manchester,
Isn't possible that these pieces were tossed into the river during the second world war to save them from the hands of the Nazis with the intention of retrieving them after the war?
Stephen, Philadelphia, United States
Arnold - Arles is most definitely Transalpine Gaul. Fortunately Caesar had a better knowledge of geography.
James , London,
He looks like a monkey.
Carly, Detroit,
Fitting that his living bust should be found in Cisalpine Gaul.
He didn't shape Europe, he actually invented it.
The invasion of Gaul (France) and its social and cultural Romanisation halted the barian invasions from the East for 350 years...
And I shan't say more!
Arnold Attard, Bergamo, Italy
A bit stony-faced, I thought.
bertie, Brighton,
he looks like paul scholes.
francis cottam, Kingston upon Thames, England
The Romans were the Americans of the past. They were masters at building and/or modernizing infrastructures and had an imperialistic attitude towards other populations, but from a cultural and artistical point of view they were way behind the Greeks (who can be seen as today's Europe).
Horace, Florence, Italy
Not bad looking for an old fella
Brijit , Paris, France
He shaped Europe and thus our modern world.
Joe Marvullo, New York, USA
Surely - not best to crop the photo, especially if you go on to describe his bald head? Can't we see it too?
Antonia, London, UK
there is always a new true face of someone...bye bye
cleo, rome, italy
When I saw the picture, the first thing I thought is that this looks nothing like any image of Caesar I've ever seen. And indeed, not one feature seems to match up. Compare and contrast:
http://www.plnewsforum.com/index.php/forums/viewthread/32959/
ScottM, Spokane, WA, USA
He looks like Charles Bremner to me...
Malcolm, Rome, Italy
Doesn't he look like George W Bush?
Frank Upton, Solihull,