Tony Halpin in Tbilisi
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President Saakashvili was forced to accept defeat yesterday as he signed a peace agreement that gives the Russian Army the right to patrol on Georgian soil.
In a critical amendment to the ceasefire drawn up by President Sarkozy of France, the Kremlin forced Mr Saakashvili to accept that Russian troops could control a buffer zone of Georgian territory up to 10km beyond the border of the breakaway region of South Ossetia.
Mr Saakashvili was humiliated further when the final text of the agreement, delivered personally by Condoleezza Rice, the US Secretary of State, removed a reference to Russian recognition of Georgia’s territorial integrity. It referred only to independence and sovereignty, a day after Ser-gei Lavrov, the Russian Foreign Minister, said that the world could forget about Georgia’s territorial integrity.
After signing the peace agreement, an emotional Mr Saakashvili said defiantly: “A significant part of Georgian territory remains under foreign military occupation. Never, ever will Georgia reconcile itself with the occupation of even one square kilometre of its territory.”
The US and the European Union appear to have compelled him to accept just that, at least temporarily, in a deal that, in effect, legitimises Russian occupation of Georgia. The West had been insisting that the two sides withdraw their forces to the positions they occupied on August 6, before Georgian troops entered South Ossetia. Now, at Moscow’s insistence, Georgia has been forced to accept that Russian “peacekeepers” in South Ossetia have the right to patrol outside the breakaway region. The details were included in a letter signed by President Sarkozy that clarified Russia’s security powers.
Dr Rice said that the clarifications were meant to protect Georgian interests. US officials argued that the wording of the original document was too vague over the extent of Russia’s freedom to roam on Georgian soil in “peacekeeping” operations. “With the signing of this accord, all Russian troops, and any paramilitary and irregular troops that entered with them, must leave immediately,” she said.
However, the revised document states that Russian peacekeepers who were in South Ossetia before the war started could stay and extend their patrols temporarily for up to 10km (6.2 miles) into Georgia.
Officials say that these additional powers would expire as soon as a team of international monitors arrived to observe the ceasefire. However, President Medvedev reinforced Russia’s diplomatic supremacy in a meeting with Angela Merkel, the German Chancellor, at his residence in the Black Sea resort of Sochi, close to Georgia’s other breakaway region of Abkhazia.
He rejected her insistence that Georgia’s territorial integrity was a “basic point” for any peace settlement in the Caucasus. In a clear signal that the Kremlin is preparing to recognise Abkhazia and South Ossetia’s independence, he reclaimed Russia’s right to be the sole arbiter of the region’s future shape. “If someone continues to attack our citizens, our peacekeepers, then of course we will answer just as we did,” Mr Medvedev said.
“Russia, as guarantor of security in the Caucasus and the region, will make the decision which unambiguously supports the will of these two Caucasus peoples.”
Mr Saakashvili was locked in five hours of talks with Dr Rice at his presidential palace in Tbilisi. In a sign that he was finding the deal hard to accept, their joint press conference was delayed for more than 90 minutes.
Mr Saakashvili railed against the West for failing to pay attention to the emerging Russian threat and for not extending support to Georgia’s application for Nato membership in April.
“Unfortunately, today we are looking evil directly in the eye. And today this evil is very dangerous for everybody – not only for us,” he said. “Let us write the next chapter together.”
Mr Saakashvili said Nato’s rejection of Georgia had encouraged the Kremlin to begin a military build-up, believing that the West lacked the will to respond. He said: “We told the world this is about starting an invasion. We screamed to the world, ‘stop it’.”
Mr Sarkozy said that Georgia’s signature on the ceasefire accord cleared the way for a resolution to end the conflict at the United Nations Security Council “and the definition of an international mechanism which will be charged with overseeing the implementation of the agreement on the ground”, although one Western diplomat predicted that Russian “hard bargaining” over references to Georgia’s territorial integrity would prevent the signing of a resolution this weekend.
Mr Sarkozy also said that the ceasefire created conditions for the immediate withdrawal of Russian forces to the positions they held before the conflict broke out. Russia demonstrated its determination to move its forces around at will when a military convoy advanced to within 55km of Tbilisi yesterday while Dr Rice was visiting.
Seventeen armoured personnel carriers and about 200 soldiers moved along the main highway from the city of Gori, which remains occupied by Russian forces despite pledges to leave, before stopping in the village of Igoeti. Their mission was unclear, though they were joined for a time by three Russian combat helicopters.
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I am even more disappointed at the response from the West. Our ally is virtually invaded and then occupied and the West lets it happen. What a sad day when we can't or won't protect our friends with more than words.
Charles, Greensboro, U.S.A.
Neighbouring countries should be ineligible to be peacekeepers. >>>
OK, let's have Chinese peacekeepers be placed in South Ossetia or will you insist on NATO ones?
Zloy Tugarin, Moscow, Russia
What? More euphemisms? Other armies might 'patrol'. The Russian army, comprising underpaid and bored yokels, engages in looting and random murders. The world is in for a real treat when Putin wins the argument for letting Russian thugs 'patrol', say, part or all of the Ukraine.
seb, bristol,
The Russians have to be the ultimate neighhbours from hell. One minute their garden fence is to the right of your house, the next day, you'll wake up and find it is on your left!
Richard, Bexhill, UK
He lost the war, which he started in first place. It is obvious that looser pay the price. After more than sixty years Germany and Japan still having Foreign soldiers in their soils. Hyper power America is about to realize that it was a mistake to invade Iraq.
Lulu, Salford, England
We're still stuck in Afghanistan because of the NATO security guarantee we gave the US, which they called in after 9/11. Fighting "terror" and likely to do so indefinitely. I doubt if there is any appetite in the UK for further NATO expansion. History shows that pacts create big wars.
John, London, SE,
It is simple. Russia has a choice between being a neo-fascist aggressor nation, or being a democratic responsible member state of the international community. So, which will it be? For now Russia is on the wrong side of history.
Hans, Schenectady, USA
I think most people do not know/remember that just few days before the Georgian attack on a civilian city at night, Russia asked at the UN an emergency meeting which would have stopped the conflict. It was rejected by UK and USA because it said "both parties MUST NOT USE MILITARY FORCE"
Luca, Trento, Italy
And no one should forget that Saakashvili does not go to the toilet without US permission. Georgia is poorest country in the Caucasus, with 60% of population having incomes of less than 45 per day. US pumped 5 billion into Georgian military and is fthe party behind this attack on Russia.
Roob, St. Petersburg, Russia
Elena are you sure that West now will not take control of South Caucasus if they have as allied Turkey, Ukrain, Georgia and probably later Azerbajian?
Piel, Hong Kong, China
Where the United States supported the poor countries which would like to develop democracy, everywhere they send poor men of a gun and machine guns, instead of cows and a tractors.
Russian always bad) To the Europe is what to forget It is a pity. It does not promote objectivity of opinions .
Andrew, Moscow, Russian Federation
davidsalome
Looking at how you simply deny plain facts makes me wonder: Do you believe everything else you are told on CNN? Did you believe everything the Neocons said about Iraq too?
rfmikael, denver, usa
Don't believe by any means the Russians are finished. They will likely find a way to finish the rest of the job of annexing all of Georgia. Russia has emerged from its Weimar Republic phase,and now it is like Nazi Germany, minus the death camps.
First Georgia, then Ukraine, then the world.
John, Philadelphia, USA
Where is USA UKandEU now. They only attack smaller countries like Serbia, Iraq and Afganistan which they know they can win against and where there money can be stolen. Stand up to Russia now and why are they not in Sudan and Zimbabwe because UK took all the gold and different minerals100 years ago
Marko, Birmingham, UK
Nikolai Melnikov, Moscow, Russia - have YOU ever been awaken in the night by a rockets exploded next to your door? Have YOU ever lived under other country's occupation? Have YOU ever seen news programme or article without heavy propaganda of nowadays Russia?
Ilze, Riga, Latvia
@ 'andy, London' -
I'm sure you can explain how a country can 'invade' one of its own provinces?
Or are 'internal affairs' in a country only internal according to Moscow?
I mean - if South Ossetia has the right, declared by Moscow, to secede from Georgia - why aren't the Chechens given that right?
VGEvans, Cardiff,
To Ian&Benzi: I agree the US should not be involved directly for Georgia, it should be the EU. But Russia is not justified like you portray. They were agrivating this situation before then act as though they're keeping peace. Now they pillage Georgia during cease-fire. good job? make friends? never
Evan, Columbia, SC, USA
When the soviets invaded Afghanistan they wanted to stop the spread of Islam. When America invaded Afghanistan it was to kill or capture OBL. When the soviets left they built nothing and destroyed everthing.
America has built thousands of schools,hospitals,and an afghan army.
Do u see a difference
Tyler, Springfield, USA
TO Tomasz, Opole, Poland
If you care to learn what really happened in Chechnya you would know that Chechnya was de-facto indepedent after Hasavurt agreement signed by Yeltsin in 1998. A year later they invaded another Russian province - Dagestan that led to the war, which ended Chechen independence
Vlad, Nizhny Novgorod/London, Russia/UK
The method Russia seems to be using in gaining its objective of restoring the Soviet Union is to separate a piece from another country and then move in its piecekeepers to keep that piece for itself.
Sander, New Haven, US
Saakashvili really had a choice between a slow and creeping occupation of Georgian territory or an actual war. In hindsight it is not clear whether the slow annexation would have been better it would not have drawn international attention and the meagre international help that Georgia got.
Sander, New Haven, US
Nikolai Melnikov you are so naive to believe your own propaganda. After Putin's lies as he blew up two Moscow buildings to start his Chechnian war, after all Putin's crimes described by Anna Politvskaia, you still believe in this criminal? Anna told you that you will pay an heavy price in blood.
davidsalome, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Dear Mrs Elena, Moscow, Russia you could be sure from now that the West will not recognize Russia to have a right to manage the South Caucasus. Only the West and NATO members will have - adding Ukhrain, Georgia and later other Caspian Sea Countries.Russia is isolated as Putin succeeds.
davidsalome, Saint Petersburg, Russia
It is true dear Mr Yulya, Kirov, Russia that so many countries desire to join Russian Federation - even BieloRussia has refused!!!! And surely not Ukrain and Georgia who will become NATO members. Of Russian people goe back to North Ossetia - most of them Russians and not Osetians!
davidsalome, Saint Petersburg, Russia
Russian forces have destroyed a main railway bridge 30 miles from Tbilisi. Apologists, take note that this duplicitous regime is abiding by neither the letter nor the spirit of the ceasefire agreement. I hope I'm wrong but I think we're watching Sudetenland. To act now, dangerous: later, hopeless.
Sebastian, Prague, Czech
I suspect Russia can guarantee a plethora of pieces Elena, or are you referring to something different?!
Gerhard Schmidt, Berlin, Germany
Mr.Savo is correct.Next step is Crimea.The next american
President and EU will have to shut.In Georgia Russia did
a good and correct job.Forget about imperialism.America
is not better than Russia.
B.Benzi, Cesena, Italy
The US has been immature & shortsighted in its foreign policy: Rather than cooperate with Russia & win her over it has tried to meddle in her backyard & used her former satellites against her. This is intolerable for Russia & we must not be surprised at her reaction.
ian cheese, london, uk
By invading South Ossetia Mr Saakashvili has proved to be an adventurer playing disastrously with Georgia's, and the region's future. Displaying hubris he has allowed himself to be too much influenced by the illusion/delusion of The American Dream as a political world model.
andy, london,
Georgian were acting like fascists during their war against Ossetians. They attacked the town of Tskhinval in the night by using multiple launch rocket systems. Hey you, guys, have you ever been awaken in the night by a rockets exploded next to your door? Saak will be revenged for his crimes.
Nikolai Melnikov, Moscow, Russia
For the West and USA in particular it's not the defeat - just a good chance to concentrate on domestic problems instead of irresposible provocations abroad. Russia is interested as well as one of the biggest holders of US state debt.
Vlad, Moscow, Russia
*see Prague Spring 1968, NATO formation following East Berlin blockade 1948, and the Yugoslavian revolt from Warsaw Pact following Hungary invasion 1956
Sean Robinson, Gresham, USA
This is not a "total defeat," for the price of two insignificant provinces, the US has seen the speedy acceptance of the ABM treaty with Poland, Ukraine threatening Russian access to the Black Sea, among other strong showings of support in EE. Russia confuses military gains with diplomatic strength
Sean Robinson, Gresham, USA
Any war is bad and any piece is good. Can Saakashvili guarantee a piece in the Caucasus? No. Can Europe guarantee a piece? It could but, it seems to me, it is not willing to. Can America guarantee a piece? No, because it has chosen only one side. Can Russia guarantee a piece? Yes.
Elena, Moscow, Russia
A total defeat for the West. A total victory to the USSR. Disgusting. Rice and Bush should be ashamed, let's hope McCain can sort this mess out!
matty, frankfurt, germany
The author praises Russia quite nicely and fails to mention the defeat of the EU/West, not just Georgia, in this matter. 1.Russia is not and was not acting as peacekeepers, and we should not accept that false pretense. 2.Russia's not making any consessions nor leaving Georgia. We're being compliant.
Evan, Columbia, SC, USA
Keith S.- don't know which stock market you are following but the one I am following seems ok. Russia's leading industries of oil, gas, metals, timber and wheat are all very much in strong sectors with plenty of customers.
Lesson to Georgia- don't punch a bear on the nose unless it is tied down
Luis, London, UK
It will take three or four presidents to mend the damage done by George Bush. Can't he just go away until after November. Problem, crisis and onto disaster will be the legacy of George Bush.
thomas fullman, Midfield, United States
I might be extremely cynic but I think that Russia's inflated claim of 2000 deaths mainly is aimed towards the Ossentian and the militia following the russian army. Simply a means to inflame them. They then watch them raping/murdering/pillaging which makes reconciliation in the area impossible.
Andreas, Kumla, Sweden
Why Ossetins run to Russia if it has attacked them? (According to the USA) nobody runs to Georgia!
Yulya, Kirov, Russia
Anyone who owns shares in Russian companies has just seen the market value of their investment drop to near zero.
The good news is housing prices in posh parts off London will be dropping and spaces at public schools will be opening up.
Keith S, Winnipeg, Canada
Neighbouring countries should be ineligible to be peacekeepers. The conflict of interest is too great, and too often there is unpleasant history between neighbours.
We are now paying the price of not having learned this lesson in Africa.
Keith S, Winnipeg, Canada
Only USA, EU and NATO are at fault because they decided to dismember Serbia as if international law does not exist.
If Kosovo is OK to UDI, so have others:
Osetia, Abkhazia, Krim, Kurdistan, N.Ireland, Basque, Scotland, etc, etc.
savo, london, uk
In Poland, just over the fence from Mr Putin's hacienda, we have a say after one of our popular writers - when Kali steals a cow it is good (Russia in Tchechnia), when a cow is stolen from Kali it is wrong (Russia on the territory of Georgia)
Tomasz, Opole, Poland
"Peace in our Time".
leon, Melbourne, Australia