Richard Owen in Rome
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Italian archaeologists have discovered the tomb of the Ancient Roman hero who inspired Russell Crowe’s character in the film Gladiator.
Daniela Rossi, a Rome archaeologist, said that the discovery of the marble tomb of Marcus Nonius Macrinus, which has an inscription bearing his name, was “the most important Ancient Roman monument to come to light for 20 or 30 years”.
The tomb was found when archaeologists were asked to investigate ruins uncovered during building work on the banks of the Tiber at Saxa Rubra, on the Via Flaminia, north of Rome.
Cristiano Ranieri, who led the archaeological team at the site, said that the tomb had long ago collapsed into the mud but its columns, roof and decorations were intact. Some parts of the tomb had slipped into the river but had been recovered.
Angelo Bottini, Superintendent of Archaeology in Rome, said the tomb was “a monument of great beauty”.
Marcus Nonius Macrinus, born in Brescia, northern Italy, was a general and consul who led military campaigns for Marcus Aurelius, the Roman emperor in 161-180AD. He became part of the emperor’s inner circle and one of his favourites, serving as proconsul in Asia. His patrician villa at Toscolano Maderno on Lake Garda has been identified and partially excavated.
In Gladiator, directed by Ridley Scott, he became Maximus Decimus Meridius, also portrayed as the emperor’s favourite general. The screen-writers added a twist of their own, however: after the murder of Marcus Aurelius by his ambitious son Commodus (a fictional event) the general falls from grace and ends up in exile in North Africa.
He later returns to Rome as a hardened gladiator to take revenge for the murder of his family and the emperor. Russell Crowe won an Oscar for the role.
The archaeological find was presented yesterday at the Culture Ministry by Professor Bottini with new excavations on the Palatine Hill and the discovery of an imperial villa on the Via Aurelia and a necropolis adjoining the Stadio Flaminio rugby ground. There are thought to be plans to reconstruct the tomb as the centrepiece of a “Via Flaminia Archaeological Park”, which would also include the House of Empress Livia, the wife of Emperor Augustus, near by at Prima Porta.
The character of Maximus also drew on accounts by Roman historians of a wrestler named Narcissus, who murdered the Emperor Commodus by strangling him, and the life of Spartacus, the leader of a revolt by slaves and gladiators in the 1st century BC.
Gladiators were professional fighters who entertained the public by fighting wild animals and each other, often to the death. The most celebrated Rome arena, the Colosseum, built by the Emperor Vespasian, was also flooded for staging naval battles. The first recorded Roman gladiatorial combat took place in the 3rd century BC, using prisoners of war.
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Are you not entertained?! Great movie! But not historically correct, as typical of a movie "based" based on a book or some such. The movie itself, Galadiator" puts a tiny bit of Roman culture into perspective, in a fictional story. Wonerful to see the Legion in action! Rome was the light.
Kelly, Nashvegas, USA
I'v heard, that according to the recent findings gladiator combats came to Etruria from Campania. But you're right, they were connected with religion.
Ondra, Prague, Czech
I have been studying Roman History,Culture and language for 5 years and I've read and translated the main parts of the authors,Greeks and Romans.You have to consider that the "tradition" of the gladiators was not Roman,but was introduced after the conquer of the Etruscan country as a religious rite
Luca , Siena, Italy
Eheu - the very nature of history is that it evolves, and we find new ways to communicate it. The mention of Crowe immediately puts this story into context for younger generations, and gives some cultural info - where's the harm in that? Or should we all still be sat in caves looking at the walls?
Gemma, Burton-on-Trent,
Rajiv, I have a Classical education (up to degree) and can assure you that there is much more to Roman society than violence. There is much beauty to appreciate, and much that we can be grateful to the Romans for. By all means prefer Eastern civilisations, but do not write off others so absolutely.
GDM, Dublin, Ireland
Austia Antica was the port of ancient Rome and is a five Euro train ride away
In its heyday 100,000 people lived there, and the town is substantially intact. Baths, temples, theatres, villas, shops and apartments are all still there.
An absolutely amazing place.
Jim Laflin, b,
Rajiv, Nuneaton - get over it! This is interesting history, whether barbaric or not. If we forget the past, there is no future...
Piers Edwards, Oxford, UK
Ciao
We can all learn from the culture of gladiators, that are part of the ancient Roman wonders, and use the knowledge to help us deal with the personal and professional challenges all over the world.
D. F. Giancola, London, England, United Kingdom
Charles, perhaps if you have genuine interest in Roman history then perhaps read up on the subject instead of learning everything you know from documentaries and the "Rome" drama on Discovery.
Ceaser, Salad, Rome
What we do in nightlife echoes in paternity.
People seemed to have missed out that Emperor Commodus also fought in the gladitorial arena.
Jeremy S, Brussels, Belgium
Interesting. However, other than them both being generals under Marcus Aurelius, the character in the movie and the historical figure aren't really that similar.
Jerad Howell, Columbia, SC, USA
So Marcus Nonius Macrinus never was a gladiator? He was a general and consul. Is that correct?
Keith S, Winnipeg, Canada
What we do in life echoes in eternity!Strength and Honour!
patrick, Singapore, Singapore
This, compared to yet another data loss blunder, is news.
David Sumpton, exeter, UK
Great story! I love history and Rome in particular. I do believe however that another location, not the Coloseum, was flooded for the naval battles. Far too many trap doors and holes in the wooden floor for that.
Chuck, Pacifc Palisades, USA
Barbaric people celebrating violence. Of what use is any so called classic education that places a premium on violence. I have more respect for a civilization that builds on the inner character of man-ancient vedic /chinese civilizations have more to offer in these troubled times.
Rajiv, Nuneaton, England
Actually, it is possible the Flavian Amphitheatre may have been flooded. It was built on the drained lake of Nero's palace, and the drainage tunnels were only filled in later under Domitian, Vespasian's son, when building the level beneath the arena floor. Martial also described such events there.
MichaelM , Savannah, USA
Actually, Joe of Ilkley, The Colosseum was indeed flooded- the Romans were superb engineers! They have found how the main aqueducts of Rome were used to fill the arena, how the removable floor worked, and how the water was drained away afterwards.
Fredius, Oxford, UK
Whether the Colosseum was ever flooded or not is debatable but the fact remains that it was certainly capable of being flooded. One of the reasons that makes it such an architectural wonder.
Oliver, Beijing, China
Cassius Dio, chronicler of ancient Rome, said: "Titus suddenly filled this same theatre with water and brought in horses and bulls and other domesticated animals that had been taught to behave in the liquid element just as on land. He also brought in people on ships, who engaged in a sea-fight".
basil, melbourne, australia
The Colosseum was never flooded and did not see re-enactments of sea battles. The Romans, who did enjoy a bit of theatre, had lakes to do this on. Sorry for spoiling the fun. Just happens to be true...
Joe, Ilkley,
What a tragedy it is that education, which, until after WW 2 encompassed a civilised knowledge of classical history and classical literature, has been so dumbed down that this person will never again be mentioned without reference to Russel Crowe, whose career represents the triumph of dumbing down.
Eheu, eheu fugaces, Melbourne, Australia
Kudos to the Times for this story. Too many of our U.S. papers skip over stories like this.
Dennis, Canon City, Colorado
Speaking, just for me I find news stories like these absolutely absorbing. This has links to the present (?) Hadrian exhibition in London.
Geoffrey, Sydney,
I also found this story to be fascinating. I took my wife and son to Rome the summer of 2007. It was a fantastic trip. Gladiator is of our favorite movies, even if it is fictional.
Kent H, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA
This is a very thrilling story! It is so worth while for all achaeological digs around the world. It tells us who we are. Betty Taylor
Betty Taylor , Rock Hill, South Carolina, USA
Personally immersed in Roman history, find a lot on TV today. I knew immediately in the movie that the general did not, historically,have to escape but found story fasinating. Knew Commodus was strangled,but he deliberately participated in the games and received his dues. Thanks for this story.
Charles S. Farriss, Gaffney, S.C. , USA