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Two former British military officers are expected to give crucial evidence against Georgia when an international inquiry is convened to establish who started the country’s bloody five-day war with Russia in August.
Ryan Grist, a former British Army captain, and Stephen Young, a former RAF wing commander, are said to have concluded that, before the Russian bombardment began, Georgian rockets and artillery were hitting civilian areas in the breakaway region of South Ossetia every 15 or 20 seconds.
Their accounts seem likely to undermine the American-backed claims of President Mikhail Saakashvili of Georgia that his little country was the innocent victim of Russian aggression and acted solely in self-defence.
During the war both Grist and Young were senior figures in the Organisation for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE). The organisation had deployed teams of unarmed monitors to try to reduce tension over South Ossetia, which had split from Georgia in a separatist struggle in the early 1990s with Russia’s support.
On the night war broke out, Grist was the senior OSCE official in Georgia. He was in charge of unarmed monitors who became trapped by the fighting. Based on their observations, Grist briefed European Union diplomats in Tbilisi, the Georgian capital, with his assessment of the conflict.
Grist, who resigned from the OSCE shortly afterwards, has told The New York Times it was Georgia that launched the first military strikes against Tskhinvali, the South Ossetian capital.
“It was clear to me that the [Georgian] attack was completely indiscriminate and disproportionate to any, if indeed there had been any, provocation,” he said. “The attack was clearly, in my mind, an indiscriminate attack on the town, as a town.”
Last month Young gave a similar briefing to visiting military attachés, in which he reportedly supported the monitors’ assessment that there had been little or no shelling of Georgian villages on the night Saakashvili’s troops mounted an onslaught on Tskhinvali in which scores of civilians and Russian peacekeepers died.
“If there had been heavy shelling in areas that Georgia claimed were shelled, then our people would have heard it, and they didn’t,” Young reportedly said. “They heard only occasional small-arms fire.”
Bernard Kouchner, the French foreign minister who helped broker the ceasefire that ended the war and has been a fierce critic of the Russian invasion of Georgia, is tomorrow due to announce a commission of inquiry into the conflict at a meeting of EU foreign ministers in Brussels.
The inquiry will be chaired by a Swiss expert as a mark of independence and will try to establish who was to blame for the conflict. European and OSCE sources say it is likely to seek evidence from the two former British officers.
The inquiry comes as the EU softens its hardline position towards Russia amid mounting European scepticism about Saakashvili’s judgment.
Europe is preparing to resume negotiations with Moscow this month on a new partnership and cooperation agreement, which it froze when Russia invaded Georgia, routed its army and recognised the independence of South Ossetia and Abkhazia, another breakaway region.
Although Grist and Young know only part of the picture, their evidence appears to support Russia’s claim that the Georgian attack was well underway by the time their troops and armour crossed the border in a huge counter-strike.
Georgia attacked South Ossetia on the night of August 7-8. In the afternoon an OSCE patrol had seen Georgian artillery and Grad rocket launchers massing just outside the enclave. At 6pm the monitors were told of suspected Georgian shelling of a village.
Georgia declared a unilateral ceasefire. But at 11pm it announced that Georgian villages were being shelled and began a military operation to “restore constitutional order” in South Ossetia.
Soon afterwards the Georgian bombardment of Tskhinvali began. By 12.35am the OSCE monitors had recorded more than 100 rockets or shells exploding in Tskhinvali.
Russia sent in troops and armour, saying they were there to protect its peacekeepers and the civilian population. The invasion attracted worldwide condemnation and led to a deterioration in relations between Moscow and the West.
Many western leaders depicted Russia as an expansionist giant determined to crush its tiny neighbour. They rallied to Georgia’s defence amid calls for it to be rapidly admitted to Nato, Saakashvili’s most fervent wish.
The president argued that Russia had attacked Georgia because “we want to be free” and that his country was fighting a defensive war.
Critical to his argument was his claim that he had ordered the Georgian army to attack South Ossetia in self-defence after mobile telephone intercepts from the Russian border revealed that Russian army vehicles were entering Georgian territory through the Roki tunnel.
“We wanted to stop the Russian troops before they could reach Georgian villages,” Saakashvili said. “When our tanks moved toward Tskhinvali, the Russians bombed the city. They were the ones – not us – who reduced it to rubble.”
Russia counters that the war began at 11.30pm, when Saakashvili ordered an attack, well before any Russian combat troops and armour crossed the border through the tunnel.
HOW FIGHTING BROKE OUT
August 7, 3pm: OSCE monitors see build-up of Georgian artillery on roads to South Ossetia.
6.10pm: Russian peacekeepers inform OSCE of suspected Georgian artillery fire on Khetagurovo, a South Ossetian village.
7pm: Georgia declares a unilateral ceasefire.
11pm: Georgia announces that its villages are being shelled and launches attack in South Ossetia.
11.30pm: Georgian forces bombard Tskhinvali.
11.45pm: OSCE monitors report shells falling on Tskhinvali every 15-20 seconds.
August 8, 12.15am: Commander of Russian peacekeepers reports that his unit has taken casualties. Russia later announces that it has invaded Georgia to protect civilians and Russian peacekeepers.
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Random fire was for yrs fr both sides. OSCE were stationed 15 yrs, in both SO and in Ab, not 2 people, and they know.
At 1am on the 8th Rus. TV re-broadcasted me the Georgian TV picture, rocket attack on Tshinvali. All Georgia watched it
in big screens the whole night, celebrated like UEFA cup.
Alice, St. Petersburg, Russia
"...their [Grist/Young] evidence appears to support Russias claim that the Georgian attack was well underway by the time their troops and armour crossed the border in a huge counter-strike."
How the Grist/Young testimony supports Russia's claim, is totally beyond me.
Vladimir, Amsterdam,
And According to the Georgian State Committee for Refugees and Displaced Persons, some 160,000 refugees from Abkhazia have been officially registered and accommodated in 63 districts of Georgia. See: R. Gachechiladze, The New Georgia. Space, Society, Politics, London: UCL Press, 1995, pp. 43, 178.
Metin Sonmez, Ankara, Turkey
Grist, who resigned from the OSCE shortly afterwards,(and then signed a new contract with KGB) has told The New York Times it was Georgia that launched the first military strikes against Tskhinvali, the South Ossetian capital.
Are you laughing at us Mr. Grist?
Vinginia, Milan, Italy
Who didn't know yet: Abkhazians in 90-es didn't start war. And number of casualties was about 4000 from both sides. It's huge number. But not more! Again it happened because Georgian national army invaded into Abkhazia first and has begun killings. In Georgia was a nationalistic regime that time.
Alex, Moscow,
how people from Western Europe and US judge about what is truth and what is not? You were not in Georgia by that time, And how in S. Osettia appeared Huge military base in Java prior to this, full with weapons and soldiers? Is it also the "peackeeping mandate of Russia"?
lasha, Gori, Georgia
Not heavy bombing of Vilages? That is a lie, at least watch videos, tv stories and satelite pictures of previous days.
And please keep in mind that before Georgian troops entered 2 of Geirgians Peackeepers were already dead and The de Jure government head Sanakoev almost killed in the explotion
Keti, Tbilisi, Georgia
RON From Amsterdam, there was a referendum in both countries and they Decided to be the Part of Georgia.
The referendums done since the war are not legal, because more than 2/3 ds of population (Ethnic Georgians) have been kicked out of Abkhszia and Ossetia. How can we judge according to them.
Koka, tbilisi, Georgia
We have to ask to Mr. Grist is he resigned or dismissed from the OSCE office in Tbilisi.Secondly, why this "competent" person went the night of August 8 in direction of Tskhinvali with his own car without any prior agreement with osce officials.
Thanks
George, Tbilisi,
georgy, new york, US
Abkhazia and Ossetia had the right to split off from Georgia under the USSR law.
When Georgia left the Union both republics (A. and O.) needed to have their own referendums.
So their case for independence is much stronger then Kosovo's!
Ron, Amsterdam,
If I remember correctly, Georgia never disputed the timeline as provided by Mr. Grist, neither that the Georgian troops were mobilizing on 7th. Mr. Grist forgets the attack on Georgian peacekeepers which killed 6 on August 6th, as well as shelling on that day of the GE villages, documented by OSCE.
David, Medford,
I am very exiting that there are some people who can say a truth even if it is hard.
Thank you Ryan Grist and Stephen Young! You have got a high self-respect.
Tom , tbilisi,
Once again our country, the USA, has been caught in its lies and propaganda. I hope this kind of behaviour changes after January 20th, because it is getting to the point where nobody believes anything we say, as indeed that shouldn´t.
Walter, Seville, Spain
It will be good to check if these British officers have not been paid by Russians.
It doesn't matter who starts at August 7th , because this war from Russia against Georgia started in 1991 and was going on since. Russian army has prepared the invasion of Georgia , intensively, since months .
Alexander sergeyevich griboyedov, Saint Petersburg, Russia, Russia
This is exactly as it was reported back in august. It wasnt till the US spoke out against russia that the world forgot the news reports.
Just shows everyone should think for them selves and forget the US view of "old Russia". If the US is involved its for their good not everyones!
Rob, London,
where were these 2 britts when russian soldiers dressed in rebel uniforms were sneaking over the borders on raids for months before this conflict erupted,nobody listened to georgias complaint at the time.the georgians in these 2 areas were killed and dispersed to make room for russians to take over.
frank, miami, u.s.a.
Why did it take 3 month ? With satellite pictures, intelligence reports and other evidence? Even great Valeriy Gergiev was blamed while he mourned dead Ossetians! Sure you Western guys owe something - towards Ossetians and Russians also.
Elena, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
How can anyone seriously say Ossetia should be a part of Georgia after this?
Just like in Kosovo, we should support democacy and the will of the people in Ossetia to be Free.
Ian Sankey, Plymouth, UK
In this long-lasting conflict, I can't tell who is right, but it appears that Saakashvili commited a crime in August 7th. Western media and NATO shamelessly supported him. My respect to two British OSCE officers,Grist and Young. Too late, although...
Paul, Frechen,
Proof that truth is the first casualty in war. When proven, will
shame and blame be apportioned, on paper , for all to see?
Then for sure, european money will repair some of the damage, but whos? Will it thus 'pay 'to be aggressive, or even to lie ? What about the dead and disposessed ? No return!
geoffrey swain, Algarve, portugal
everyone for some reason thinks that south ossetia and abkhazia are independent nations,these regions are part of georgia and alaways have been,in 1990s separatists brutally murdered 30 000 georgians and kicked out 300 thousand people out of thair homes and to this day thay are not able to go home
georgy, new york, US
Both Russia and Georgia messed up.. I blame both of them for the conflict.
Mack Skiba, Chicago, USA
And so the truth is finally allowed to come out. What now? A page 13 three sentence apology?
Almost.
A small font NYT article buried between internet ads.
rick rhodes, benington, usa
So now this is clear can the West please start to apply its 'Kosovo standards' to Ossetia and Abkhazia?
As Georgia started this conflict can it be made clear that Ossetians and Abkhazians are never to be placed under Georgian rule again?
Serbia = Georgia ?
Or still double standards?
Ron, Amsterdam,
And so the truth is finally allowed to come out. What now? A page 13 three sentence apology?
Alex, Moscow, Russia
Hopefully this will be another nail in the coffin of the "Shakashvili-schina".
Sinisa, Hamilton, Bermuda
Finally, the truth. I hope now you guys change your mind, appologize and condemn the criminal regime of Suchashvilli.
Igor, Krasnodar,
Finally !! Now people will not the truth..!
Elena, Portland, USA