Michael Evans, Defence Editor
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The official British board of inquiry report into the death of Lance Corporal of Horse Matty Hull blamed American pilots for shooting at the soldier’s armoured vehicle “without authorisation” and after inadequate checks on whether the target was friendly or hostile.
The report, which was published on the Ministry of Defence’s website yesterday, outlines the difference in culture and procedures between American and British pilots.
The conclusions of the report are far more critical than the US version of the March 2003 incident, when two A10 Thunderbolt tankbuster aircraft attacked Household Cavalry armoured reconnaissance Scimitars and Spartans near Basra, in southern Iraq. The American investigators concluded that it was a tragic accident and that the two pilots had followed the proper procedures.
Susan Hull, the soldier’s widow, who is a primary school teacher, said that she did not want to be political about her husband’s death. Speaking to the BBC, she said: “It’s not my intention. This is about a single person’s death and establishing the truth of the matter.”
After the leaking of the American A10 pilots’ taped recordings from the day of the incident, and the decision by the Pentagon to release all the material requested by the Ox-fordshire coroner at the inquest into Lance Corporal Hull’s death, Mrs Hull said she was pleased that the video footage had been made public.
She said: “It was immensely sad to see what you have always imagined in your worst imagination. [But] in some ways, knowing something is better than not knowing.”
Last night the US air squadron involved in the incident apologised to his family.
A spokesman for the Idaho National Guard said that it was “very sorry that this incident happened”.
Lieutenant Tony Vincelli added: “We’re obviously very, very sorry for the family and extend our sympathies to them,” In the British report, the board of inquiry panel said there were concerns expressed by individuals “as to the perceived differences in cultural approach and the very real differences in procedures, training and mission execution”.
It added: “Most of those interviewed expressed views on the US approach to CAS [close air support] and, in particular, the reduced degree of control and confirmation required before attacking a target.” The two pilots had only binoculars to identify the armoured vehicles, the report said.
The most damning remarks were made by a senior officer who added his judgment after examining the evidence and observations of the inquiry board.
He wrote: “The cause of this sad incident was that the US A10s, without having been authorised, engaged the UK patrol believing it to be hostile.”
He added: “While the coalition CAS procedures in force at the time were thought to have been adequate, the lack of passage of positional data and target coordinates between the US pilots and their US ground-control elements [the forward air controllers spotting possible targets], is worrying . . . All that can be said is that the pilots initially identified ‘orange panels’ [on top of the Scimitars to show they were friendly] and then later construed these as ‘orange rockets’. Their subsequent misi-dentification of the UK patrol as hostile is difficult to reconcile, but appears to have taken place as a result of a number of contributory factors.”
More details emerged last night of one of the pilots involved in the attack.
Colonel Gus “Skeeter” Kohntopp, who was a lieutenant-colonel at the time, now trains other American pilots in ground-attack skills.
The Sun said he was in his forties and joined the US Air Force from university. He left in 1999 and joined the reserves while taking a job as a commercial pilot, flying Boeing 737s.
The ill-fated assault was Colonel Kohntopp’s first of 27 combat missions. He was later awarded the Bronze Star.
In an interview with a state magazine, he said: “My best piloting experience has been flying the A10 in Iraqi Freedom.” He added: “You have to live with your actions so make them worthwhile to your loved ones and this great nation.”
Reports last night claimed the Oxford Coroner’s office can now bypass the US military and approach Colonel Kohntopp directly to give evidence at a rearranged hearing.
The Oxford coroner has adjourned the inquest until Friday next week.
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I read in an article that statistically, there were more UK deaths by US friendly fire than any other. The fact of the matter is that US military action is based purely on shoot first ask questions later.
I am upset that the UK shares such a close relationship with America. Quite frankly it's embarrassing to be involved in a war with a country whose primary source of intelligence is TV.
Simply, in reply to Mr. Troscinski's comments about the US cavalier attitude being a 'sad comment in the state of your own psyche', i find very insulting. All you have to do is look at the numbers and they don't add up.
For an entire civilization of people to happily ignore their countries violent military actions and even turn a blind eye to the fact that the president himself shouldn't even be there and fixed the election, speaks to me as a sad state of psyche, when the general pre-occupation of the states is over throwing leaders who were self-proclaimed. Essentially, it's a naive democracy.
Andy, Manchester,
One thing some Brits can do very well is to start wagging their finger at the rest of the world and claim some technical or moral superiority. Do you really know how irritating it can be? As an Australian the US has my sympathy - we know what its like.
When the British Armed Forces can (with justification) claim that they do not have their own friendly fire incidents then they can presume to lecture the US Armed Forces and the rest of the world.
And in answer to all the WWII stories - my father served with 45 RM Commando in Europe - they trained with US Ranger Battalions prior to the D Day landings. My father recalls that they were decent blokes doing a good job - sadly many of these fine young men died at Pointe du Hoc.
And just as the Royal Marine Corps March 'A Life on the Ocean Wave' brings a tear to his eye my 80 year old father will stand up and cheer for the US Marine Corps Hymn.
Hugh, London,
Er, no James - it's a realistic comment on the deplorable state of the US military. I know many people who have fought with US soldiers in several conflicts - and all have spoken of these soldiers' cavalier, undisciplined and dangerous attitudes.
Anne, London,
TomTom,
More of our own have been killed by friendly fire than all allies conbined. In the heat of battle mistakes occur.
Your assumption that we are cavalier and humiliating you is a sad comment on the state of your own psyche.
James Troscinski, Grosse Pointe Park, USA
Mr Fowler,
Sir I must wholeheartedly disagree with your analysis.
RE: HItler, who knows what would have happened, but to equate WW2 with todays wars is a grave mistake.
War is a science. We spend billions upon billions of pounds in technology to make war fighting more effective and less costly to our side. There is no room for error in 21st century war fighting. There are no longer two great armies facing each other in the middle of nowhere. The battle takes place in areas with civilians and key infrastructure such as power stations and waterworks in the way. We also rely on at popularity home. To be cavaliar in our attitude to combat in this age means we will take 2 steps back. We may win the battle, but not the war for hearts and minds of the people we are supposedly 'liberating'.
You blame the lefty media and politicans who do not want 'victory but perfection'. Sir, Perfection is victory. In a guerilla war the full support of the people on both sides equal success
A Tocher, London, UK
First the expression of condolences for the loss to a family for the loss of the loved one.. This young hero of Her Majesty military forces gave the ultimate sacrifice accident or not he is honored !!
The expression of Mr. Dan Brydges , my friend to the north in Canada I feel is a summation and view of modern warfare that we are engaged in . The United States Military , as well as, American law enforcement , in which I am a member work over time to correct mistakes of friendly fire . Still with all best efforts it fails. The failing may be due to miscommunication, incorrect information you name it . The reality is we have one KIA and two American military pilots that will re live their mistake till the day they die .
As an observer I must address some issues about the war in Iraq. In general I must say I am up the air about the war. Even as a survivor of 9/11 attacks at the World Trade Center at New York City I am still not sure about Iraq . However, every opportunity that media in my country and forget the foreign press America is the big ape, inhuman or the phrase that is known around the world the Ugly American.
For me Iraq to a degree is this generations Viet Nam , a place and a time I would like to forget . But there is no doubt there are forces in the Middle East and Ill put Russia and the new love and peace, China into the camp that would wish my country would loose or suffer attacks worse that 9/11 attacks .
Every day on the news in America another military body count is broadcasted , just like the 1960s when we were in Viet Nam. . Maybe a son , father , brother or even a wife daughter became another stat. This goes on day after day .Military men and women, thanks to the end of the cold war and reduced military are on their third tour in country. The strain that it places on all American cant be overlooked.
After the attacks of 9/11 action was taken on all fronts, military, law enforcement, financial etc. The United States was at war .to most. We will make mistakes and God knows there are more to come. What I see there are two sets of rules in the world. One America MUST follow all the protocols of war, prisoners of war etc. We conduct cyber / phsy warfare on prisoners in Iraq and there is a world outcry. American troops and NGO are kid napped and beheaded no world outcry.. Why they were just Americans.. God knows what their loved ones went through
This is a low keyed sick time we live in and we are fighting some sick, sick Islamic people that equal Nazi Germany . To one and all they are fighting for keeps be it Iraq, UK or America . I have one regret that we dont have leaders like Sir Winston Churchill and FDR in our time .
Enzo F. Cannizzo, NYC, USA
Those pilots should have gone down low and made a close-up visual assessment of the supposed targets - that's a no-brainer. Instead, they guessed ("look like orange rockets"), and made a tragic blunder.
John Alfieri, West Henrietta, U.S.A. - New York
May I add a note of caution regarding the release of classified material via the media? Magnus Linklater was correct a few days ago when he voiced his concern. Because the general reader does not understand the full import of all that is in a military video he might not realise the risk to security of what is shown or heard. The threat of release by the media would have allowed the MOD to sanitise, if necessary, the material before publication and a delay of one day would not have diminished the effect of the material shown.
We should all be aware of the maxim "The soldier's need to survive transcends the public's need to know;"
J G Wishart, Edinburgh, UK
A very tragic situation. Certainly it is hard to comprehend, but when you are flying a jet at such high altitudes and speeds in a dangerous situation, I'm sure it makes you react differently than if you are sitting in front of a computer screen. These pilots were not murderers, but they did make some tragic mistakes that they will have to live with. We have all made gaffes that in retrospect seem foolish and negligent. Unfortunately for soldiers, every one of their mistakes carries far graver implications. Condolences to the family of Mr. Hull, who have to live without someone they love for the rest of their lives and God bless those who continue to put their lives in harms way for us each day, be they British or American.
Erik, Richmond, Virginia, United States of America
It seems to me that all the people who blame the U.S pilots have no idea what it must be like to fly in a battle zone, above a desert, with possible targets that are camouflaged vehicles.
In war mistakes are sadly made, but we should all remember these are battlefield conditions, not a stroll down the village pub on a summer evening. After listening to the tapes it is quite obvious that the pilots were horrified when they found that they had hit friendly vehicles. If any fault could be found it must be with the battlefield controllers not the pilots, who were told that only hostile vehicles were in the area.
Chris Kenney, High Wycombe, U.K
If the British do not want American air support then they
should invest in their own airforce. The people ultimately responsible for this incident are those who prefer to outsource their defence so that public money can be spend on such trivia as the London Olympics. The outrage of some Brits over the poor vehicle recognition skills of American pilots is contemptible in view of the fact that in a previous friendly fire incident a British tank crew fired on one of their own tanks - killing two British servicemen.
If the Brits can't recognise their own then why should the Americans.
If you don't want US air support - just say so.
Anthony Kilbride, Wayne , NJ , USA
I saw the tape and it seems to me that the pilots received at least three confirmations that there were no friendlies in their area. The fact that the pilots asked three times is an indication to me that they were not being cavalier about the situation. They saw the orange "panels" which are not even really panels and asked immediately if there were any friendlies in the area. The response three times was no. At the same time the convoy was approaching a town so, time was also a factor. I personally don't think the pilots are individually to blame here. I think the problem here is a failure to communicate at a much higher level between the British and American forces as to where each are going to be operating. By the way there is no standard on those orange panels. They can be placed anywhere and don't have to be a particular size. It seems to me that if all you have to identify yourself as a friendly is orange panels, I would have the whole top of my vehicle painted orange.
Stuart, Hattiesburg, MS/ The Evil Empire
My father was in the Royal New Zealand Air Force (RNZAF) during WW2, at one point ground-stationed in New Caledonia (Western Pacific Ocean), servicing USAF fighter-bombers. I remember him telling me at a very young age that "when the Yanks took off, we went underground because the likelihood of them jettisoning all their bombs at the slightest hint of turbulence or a wing-shot was very high." "Morons with flying licences" is what he called them. Appears little has changed (hell, the USA is even being 'decidered' by one such.
GrahamG, Auckland, New Zealand
You all show your ignorance in what happens during war. Try being there yourself one day.
Simon, Oxford,
I recall an older colleague that I worked with many years ago. He had fought (and had been captured) as an infantry soldier in North Africa. I remember being enthralled as he explained that '....aircraft with black crosses under the wings were always considered dangerous. Aircraft with red roundels were always considered friendly. The real problem were the ones with white stars. You just never knew whether you needed to dive in the nearest ditch, or stand and wave!'
Doesn't sound like much has changed in 60 years.
Mike, London, UK
^Michael Helm, he had no choice to take part in this "unjust war", he was a soldier, it was his job. I bet you wouldn't face a court martial or be brave enough to join an army as you wouldn't be able to whine like a little girl anymore safe behind your computer screen
Gareth Jacob, Nuneaton,
It would seem that responsible discussion of the tragedy would first describe what, how, and why the event occurred but most importantly what can be done to prevent further incidents before blame is assessed. It appears a proper analysis has not been put forth in a rush to blame the pilots and therefore the United States and of course by implication George Bush.
Despite a common language and traditions there are unavoidable differences in training, tactics, doctrine and equipment between the sovereign nations, Great Britain and the US. In the "Best of all possible worlds" blue-on-blue events would never occur but to to express surprise or outrage when the rare event does occurs in a fast moving combined arms battle is at best naive.
To end on a constructive note may I suggest that British MoD devote sufficient resources to provide the British Army with adequate close air support so its Army is not reliant upon another nation for this vital function? I suspect the resultant commonality and integration would limit the number of future events.
Russell Fiore, Exeter, New Hampshire/USA
On anecdotal evidence, many American servicemen seem to have a "whoop whoop kick-ass" attitude aided and abetted by hollywood that manifests itself in cavalier actions at best and downright irresponsible actions at worst. Add to that an American foreign policy that is seemingly on evidence wholly designed to try to leverage the worlds "resources" for the benefit of America which results in wars, covert political meddling, and strong arm diplomacy, who needs enemies when we have friends like these. I love American culture and many of the people I have had the pleasure to meet but at a political level they don't really respect us or anyone else for that matter.
Sonny, London, UK
I have listened to the video tape and was immediately struck by the fact that both pilots seemed to be callous in the extreme - wether or not the targets were friend or enemy there was no need for the phrase "looks like he's haulin ass". It was not a movie, it was not a video game, they were aiming to kill someone's son, father, brother. Maybe the A10 tank buster pilots should spend 6 months with the poor blood infantry before they are sent into combat, they might then be more likely to check who it was they were about to kill.
Being from an RAF family, I also know that if it had been British pilots, the MOD would have probably given them up the the Americans, they would no longer be flying let alone teaching others to fly.
Its sometimes hard not to be anti-American.
Louise Hoare, Limassol, Cyprus
If the killed British soldier had not agreed to be part of this criminal war, he would be alive today. Sadly, now he was murdered, just as thousands and thousands of Iraqies in this unjust invasion.
Michael Helm, Copenhagen, Denmark
Friendly fire has always and will always be a causualty
of war. War is not a science but rather an art and
it is prone to error from the onset. There were multitudes of mistakes made during the Normandy invasion
that cost both American and British lives. But the difference between now and then is that today's media
prolific theater of war reporting demands perfection when that is impossible. Hitler would possibly have won had today's media been around during WWII. We'd have been choked with hearings, reports, investigations and demands for punishment, resignations and humiliation while Hitler recouped and marched towards victory.
Sadly, this is exactly what's happening in the war on terror and the war in Iraq. They could care less about perfection but demand victory while our leftist politicians and media could care less about victory while demanding perfection.
Hopefully there will be no more friendly fire loses, but if so, llet's blame war and not each other.
David Fowler, Memphis, TN/USA
The US seems to have a cavalier attitude towards its allies and in the case of Britain, an ally that will suffer any humiliation to remain one. This incident is symptomatic of a blind spot certain Americans have to anyone other than themselves and a complete ignorance of British vehicles, British presence, and even orange panels. Just what British can do other than avoid being on the same battlefield as US forces is hard to tell. A real pity, the illusion of being allies had been heartwarming.
TomTom, Leeds, England
Given an opportunity to criticize the American invasion of Iraq and the death of not just her husband, Lance Corporal Hull, but more than 700,000 Iraquis, Mrs. Hull refused to do so, as if she supported the war wholeheartedly. In the middle of the BBC interview, I almost expected her to stand up and start singing the American anthem and "God Bess America". I saw no sadness, no trace of anger, no shadow of pain in her face. What a shame! Just like the reaction of so many parents here in America, who have lost their sons in Iraq. No wonder George Bush thinks he can go on killing more Iraquis with impunity because no one will complain or protest, anyway. The Pentagon reluctantly released the video only because an English soldier was killed. Had he been a Polish or Australian soldier, do you think the tape would have been released?
Yesh Prabhu, Plainsboro, NJ, USA
The US military is very well known within the US for having absolutely no fire discipline. They blow everything they see to smithereens instantly and don't stop shooting unitl they are out of ammunition.
They do usually try to figure out what it was after they stop shooting. Not until then though.
Aside from the very unfortunate consequences for Lance Corporal Hull the shoot first, ask questions later approach which continues to this day has clearly not been a successful policy in Iraq.
Andy, Sammamish, WA USA