Interview by Richard Beeston with General David Petraeus in Baghdad on June 20 2007.

What is your priority in the surge operation?

"It is to disrupt al-Qaeda and its ability to conduct sensational attacks and to try to continue the cycle of violence, which they have been trying to do all along. In addition, they are attempting try establish a real al-Qaeda sanctuary in Iraq, a caliphate."

What about the US military operation currently underway in Diyala province (northeast of Baghdad)?

"Zarqawi (the former al-Qaeda leader in Iraq) stated that he intended for Baquba (the capital of Diyala) to become the new capital of his caliphate in 2006 shortly before he was killed. The downward spiral of Baquba began in late summer last year. You get a cycle where al-Qaeda moves in, they put down some roots, they intimidate the security forces, which means the security forces and the Coalition get less intelligence which means their operations are less effective. It just sort of goes down. We have seen it in other provinces. As al-Qaeda were pushed out of Anbar province this year in mid-March, more of them moved across to Diyala."

What about other military operations?

"This is not just about Diyala province. There are operations going on all around Baghdad (in the south, west, north and east). This is part of an offensive all around Baghdad and some areas inside Baghdad. It is what we call the Baghdad belt. This is using the five brigades and a combat aviation brigade and Marine Expeditionary Unit. This is a combined effort."

Will this be enough to restore security?

“You are never going to eliminate sensational attacks in Baghdad. That cannot be your metric of success. What we have to do is reduce their number and their impact. We had done quite well until the attack yesterday that killed a number of innocent civilians.”

Is it not too late to halt the violence?

“There is a period of omnipotence. There was a period in the beginning when there was a ‘golden hour’. Inevitably, it does not matter how much you were viewed as a liberator, over time you will be seen as an occupier. The interesting dynamic here is that we have been here long enough to become liberators again for certain sectors of the population, those that are affected by extremism.”

Your mission sounds like a long one, what about the informal deadline set by your return in mid-September to report back to the Congress in Washington?

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