Deborah Haynes in Irbil, northern Iraq
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With her Kalashnikov folded in half to stop it dragging on the ground and ammunition strapped around her tiny waist, Zerya was 12 when she became a Kurdish fighter in the Turkish mountains after running away from home.
Sixteen years later her body bears the scars of countless battles with Turkish soldiers and her eyes are haunted by the memories of friends she has lost. No longer a guerrilla for the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), she is trying to fit back into society, using a mobile phone for the first time and discovering treats such as ice cream and pizza that she never had in the mountains.
Zerya’s experience of fighting against Turkey to secure greater rights for the Kurds, she says, has taught her that the problem can be solved only by agreement between both sides. “If the guerrillas decided to come down from the mountains and disarm, then Turkey would kill all of them,” she said, speaking to The Times at a secret location in the Kurdish north of Iraq.
“When it comes to Turkey you either submit or you fight – there are only two options,” said the 28-year-old, who has shed the dark green fatigues of the outlawed rebel group for a smart trouser suit and heeled shoes.
The PKK offered a new way for both sides to step away from confrontation yesterday. The group said that it was open to dialogue with Turkey that could lead to it laying down its arms, thus avoiding a war across the border of two of America’s strategic allies in the region.
Zerya’s life as a teenage rebel fighter began when she first heard about the PKK as a ten-year-old growing up in Hamburg, where her Kurdish family were asylum-seekers from the mountains of southern Turkey.
A talented musician and dancer, she became attracted to the organisation because it ran clubs that taught Kurdish songs and history. “Every song or poem taught us something about the Kurdish cause,” she said in a hushed voice to avoid drawing attention to herself. The PKK is now classed as a terrorist organisation by much of the international community.
Captivated by the plight of the Kurds in Turkey, Iran, Syria and Iraq, Zerya yearned to help: “It was like an illness for me. I just wanted to go to Kurdistan and fight in the mountains.”
After a year of pestering PKK leaders in Hamburg she was given permission to travel on a fake Turkish passport to Syria, where she was meant to stay until she turned 16 and was deemed old enough to learn how to fight. She left Germany aged 12, without telling her parents. But instead of waiting in Syria she secretly followed a group of PKK trainees to Lebanon, literally tracing their footprints until she arrived at the Bekaa Valley.
There, she was allowed to join a six-month political and military training course with 300 recruits. “I remember walking along a path with a Kalashnikov over my shoulder but it was too long for me and would hit the ground,” Zerya said, recalling the day her training finished and she was sent to the mountains to fight. “That first day I felt I was free and in my home for the first time in my life.”
Instead of studying, gossiping about boys and listening to pop music, Zerya spent her teenage years fighting Turkish soldiers, living off scraps of food and sleeping wherever she found shelter. “We lived in caves or just used plastic sheets for cover. Sometimes if the weather was kind then we would live under the stars like birds.”
By the time she was 14, Zerya was commanding small groups of rebels on operations. Equality is a principle cherished by the PKK, which divides responsibility evenly between men and women fighters.
She recalled one occasion when her unit became encircled by Turkish soldiers. “I spotted a weak point in the Turkish line and started to lead my colleagues out but one young man panicked. I had to slap him to calm him down.” On another occasion, aged 16, a Turkish grenade exploded close by, sending a chunk of shrapnel deep into her left knee. “In the heat of the fight I did not feel the pain, but then I had difficulty moving so my male colleagues took me to safety.”
The guerrillas had nothing to treat Zerya with other than water and thread to stitch up her knee. She was forced to shelter in a cave for two months until she was strong enough to walk again. “It was winter and bitterly cold. It was too dangerous to light a fire because that would have drawn attention to our position.”
Sexual relationships, and certainly falling in love, are forbidden between PKK fighters in the mountains because the group feels that such a bond would distract a couple from the battle. Zerya spoke of one young man she grew close to. “He liked me and I liked him but we never told each other,” she said. The man was killed during a fight with Turkish troops.
Zerya had her fair share of injuries after 13 years in the mountains, including shrapnel wounds to the chest and thigh. She began to feel a burden on her fellow fighters so decided three years ago to leave the armed struggle to seek shelter in the Kurdish north of Iraq. Returning to civilisation was like stepping out of a time capsule.
Life is hard after the PKK because her past means that she has no official identity or nationality and no passport. “I would like to settle down and do some work to help women and children,” she said. She is trying to return to Germany, where her family is still living. Asked whether she would ever return to the front line for the PKK, Zerya says that her fighting days are over. “From my time in the mountains, I have understood one thing: killing is not the solution to this problem.”
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there are not basic human rights in turkey, turks, kurds and other minorities know that,,, do you know what pkk fights for? for restoring the human rights for all the people who lives in turkey, pkk don't believe in corruption, but the turkish govrnment and army do. pkk will liberate kurdistan..
kani panka, birmingham, uk
The pkk is a very good and active orgnazation. They are srugling for gaining the rights for kurdish people in turkey especially and for all the people who lives in turkey generally. Despite the kurdish people there are many turks, arabs and european people among the pkk oragnazation,
bani shar, leicester, uk
Everyone should know that Turkey is only trying to DEFEND itself, we dont attack unless we feel a threat just like any other country and I feel sorry for you if you dont realise that the PKK are a terrorist organisation. Funny how America is so willing to fight against Osama Bin Laden and Saddam Hussain and when it comes to the PKK they want Turkey to act civil and accept losing many soldiers and civillians to this ill group. Can you not see what they are doing? can you not see how this "woman" CHOSE her life to be this way when she joined the PKK? how can anyone believe the PKK are willing to disarm themselves, this will never happen. They will never surrender and Turkey will not surrender or be defeated. We lose many soldiers everyday and it is not justice to let these people have their say as they are willing to kill innocent people. Do not forget the bus bombings that killed British citizens aswell as Turks. This article is portrayed wrongly and I do not believe a word of it!
Nimet, London,
Strange how these guys are terrorists and evil and should accept subjugation by TURKEY. But when it comes to Bosnia, Croatia or KOSOVO, we're all for self determination. I'm British so am somewhat of an expert on HYPOCRISY. You could say that Brits are the experts after all. But this is the most rank hypocrisy. Shame on Turkey, Shame on the EU and Shame on the US - for they are the true murderers and terrorists.
Neil, Walton,
kurds have never been able to get the same right as the turks that why they are up their in the mountains fighting for freedom i think that it is true what she had said that "you either submit or you fight", turks can think what they want but kurds would keep on fighting in the mountains if the turkish government doesnt sort out the problem and its the kurdish problem not a terorist problem!!
MEHMET, london, england
How can you write 'a terrorist's violent killing story' in such a romantic way? how can you not ask her how many people, children, women she killed? what about the families, mothers, wifes, husbands, childrens of those victims? This is a double standard journalism Ms Haynes. How would you feel if I wrote a friendly report I made with a member of Al Quida and even not referring s/he as a terrorist? One is a terrorist only if s/he attacks your territory and you don't care if a brainwashed killer is spreading her violence around somewhere else. shame on you! Every body is equal in Turkiye,if one wants to isolate herself by not getting any civilised attitude then it is s/he the problem,not the country. it is true that these people has 15-20 children.how could you have upper standards then. Turkiye is only a developing country and we all have economical problems, but dont use this in other platforms as you are treated a second class because of your ethnic origin.this is rubish.
ebru, london,
This article is ridiculous. First they are not guerillas, they are avowedly terrorists who kill even babies in cradles. Secondly terrorists who surrendered in decades were not killed but handed to independent Turkish judges. The way of getting rights is not related with killing people. Furthermore no one can propose that Kurdish people in Turkey don't have the same rights with Turks.Hence dont be funny.
atamkurt, Balıkesir, Turkey
Please just stop making this look like a sob story. I am curious did you ask her how many people she has killed, or was that irrelevant for some reason?
Furthermore, do you think she had some sort of an epiphany and decided to just leave? Do you think people have free will when involved with these kinds of organizations? I am assuming you can't JUST LEAVE a terrorist organization like the PKK.
It is sad that she was taken at 12 years of age and manipulated like this - but this is the truth of the PKK, they manipulate CHILDREN and their parents to fight in the mountains. Where is the justice and humanity in that I ask you?
You talk about how equality is cherished within the PKK-are we supposed to warm up to them now just because they believe in equality between men and women? It is just a matter of circumstance for them, not principle.
Don't be so naive.
Eren, Ankara, Turkey
This is amusing . . I agree on one thing though;
killing is not the solution
She was 12 years old when she became a fighter, thats so sad to hear. . Theres many more people that get brainwashed into crucial situations like this.. I mean they should reach a certain age and have a certain amount of education before they decide to follow something..
Faith Yener, Budapest, Hungary
This is one-sided propaganda of the terrorist organization PKK. Why donât you ever mention that Kurds, just like all Turkish citizens have the same rights. Kurdish is spoken in many places. There are tv and radio channels in Kurdish (just read the EUâs latest progress report for Turkey). Why donât you mention that the many rallies condemning the PKK that have been going on in the southeast of Turkey- in towns with predominantly Kurdish populations? Or the fact that most Kurds donât like the PKK and donât feel they voice their opinions, yet are afraid to come out and say so. Why do we never read about the feudal structure of the Kurdish populated south-east of Turkey where a few landlords tell their people whom to vote for; where the rates of young girls being sent to school are drastically lower than the national average.There needs to be investment in the southeast but the PKK kills and threatens public and private sector workers. and what about the illegal trafficking funding PKK.
Tayyibe Gulek, Ankara, Turkey
Damn it PKK BUT Peace at home peace in the world
Alperen, uk,
I am amused to read these so-called romantic interviews ms. Deborah Haynes manages to have with the PKK terrorists and make out their stories are of mistreated victims of Turkish oppression. Nothing of the kind. This is what PKK is exactly doing, brainwashing children to glorify terrorism. The fact of the matter is that they are uneducated lost souls who choose the path of being a terrorist when there is no reason to be one. The assertion that they do not have relationships with men in PKK is nonsense.. The reason they join these groups of terorists is because their families restrict their freedom. These women are raped and used by all the men. If you are not against your own people and Country you dont need asylum. The only people who do are their peoples and Country's enemy..
M. Salaheddin, London,
The question is: who is not willing to end this war: PKK or the Turkish state? we all no that PKK (the Kurds) have no option than fight. But speciale UK, who is the power that has created this situation for the Kurds (read history) is sporting the Turks and not willing to work for a salution of the question. Sorry, they want to distroy the PKK (wich means the politik and millitary fight of the Kurds for there rights!)..I respect hear, but I do not agree with conclution of wich coms on ''PKK hav to laying there arms''. İt is not a salution.. this means give the Turks the right to go on with denaing the rights of the Kurd..
I see the UK and the West as responsible for the war in Kurdistan.
baris seven, brussels, belgium
I am touched by the bravery of this young girl who has fallen in love with freedom and fought for it despite difficult conditions. I admire her bravery and determination to leave luxurious life and advantage of living in a rich country Germany to fight for a noble course not for money or anything but for freedom. This shows how pure Kurdish cause is. a Nato member Turkey with all the money it invests in its army could not defeat the free will of Kurdish people to fight for their freedom.
Turkey should become a civilised country and grant Kurdish people self-determination so that Kurdish and Turkish young people can live together in harmony and not war.
dario, london, uk
as a citizen of turkey everyone has the same rights. i am kurdish and i have never exprienced racism. my son has a kurdish name, i speak kurdish with my friends, i am a teacher at a state school, during miltary duty i was a second liutenant officier... that's true i have to speak turkish at governal offices because turkish is official language. we, kurdish people have too many children so we are generally poor. for example a friend of mine has seven children and he says "i am poor because of the government" that's not true he is poor because he has seven children ( he tries to have more because PKK tells the more children you have the more warrior we have) .
zozan dereci, istanbul, turkey
I HAVE MY SAY: we are equal. Because we are not determined that we are kurd or Turk from a distance of 100 meters. In England, The USA or France, people are recognized because of their skin color or racial profiles. However, people in Turkey are not recognized as a member of a race by means of their profiles. Kurds, please tell me: do you want to be a real minority as african americans are in the USA or as africans in France. Come on, this is your home and do not try to categorize yourself as second class citizens. Because everybody in turkey is first class citizen and do not degrade yourself. What do you want? 10 per cent of the positions in the government. come on you are at every position and your percentage at government positions is more than the percentage of your population.
yusuf bulut, istanbul, turkey
I found your article really touching. The Kurdish people have struggled for basic human and political rights in Turkey since a policy of assimilation was adopted by the new state of Turkey not long after its establisment in 1923, under the The Lausanne Treaty. The Kurdish people were since then subject to forced assimilation or forced depopulation from their villages. Horrific torture, killings and the worst which the previous Turkish Commenter Isso adheres to 'denial'. A Kurd who does not seek rights for Kurds can everywhere in Turkey but one who does seek their rights can only end up in prison or fighting in the mountains. So many young people like Zerya have given their lives so we can now speak about The Kurdish Question in Turkey. The PKK are Freedom Fighters not 'terrorists' as the racist Kemalist Turk wants you to believe.
Please read more about the Kurds at my blog: http://hevallo.blogspot.com
Hevallo, London, England
"A Kurdish person has all the rights that a Turk has"
Hahahaha... This is the funniest statement that I have heard for a long time. A Kurd enjoys no right whatsoever as a Kurd in Turkey. No right to kurdish education, broadcasting, giving their children kurdish names and until recently singing kurdish songs. Even speaking kurdish was forbidden at one stage. It is true that Kurds have risen to high echelons of society and state but as true servants of turkish state and nothing left from their kurdishness. They never expressed their kurdish identity let alone espouse any rights.
Of course war is bad and in a ideal world nodoby should resort to violance. But how would you react to an oppressive regime bent on destroying your identity, culture, language and the rest?
yasar, london, UK
Excuse me, Isso from London! A Kurdish person has the same rights in Turkey? What a load of rubbish. So long as you describe yourself as a Turk and never a Kurd, as long as every morning in school you swear allegiance to Mustafa Kemal racist ideology, and repeat until it is drummed into you that you are happy because you are a Turk, then of course you are "equal". But as soon as you step out of that box and want to discover your culture, you are a terrorist. That is why my family and hundreds of thousands of other Kurds left our homes in south-eastern Turkey in Turkish-occupied Kurdistan - because our village was burnt to the ground by the barbaric Turkish army. We were innocent, our only crime was that we chose not to be Turkish.
So please Isso, do not say Kurds have the same rights as you. You can fool some of the people some of the time, but never all of the people..
Hassan C, London
hassan, london, uk
You made the terrorism and terrorist sucessfully funny. These people are killing official soldiers of a country. Why don't you try to look the terrorism directly? terrorist is just terrorist. A kurdish person has all the right what a turk has in Turkey? Because in our official identities, passports we don't have a column used for originality (Turk, kurd, cecenia or etc). And Turgut OZAL ex-Turkish republic president is also a kurd. they vote as a Turk. Nobody can understand who is turk or kurd from any official paper. So what is the problem. Problem is the people supported by official western minds sitting in western countries, using these young people and earning money from this kind of clush.Terrorism is very bad and we have to fight all kind of terrorism not only in US or killing the Britons one. Thanks.
Serdar , ankara, Turkey
interesting
isso, london,