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At the southern entrance to Sadr City several Iraqi men on the US military’s payroll are sweeping the street in the latest attempt to stop al-Mahdi Army militia from recruiting new fighters.
The number of people working on such US-funded projects is tiny, however, because Shia militants loyal to the anti-American cleric Moqtada al-Sadr have ordered many in this Baghdad slum to stay away. Other residents simply prefer not to be associated with US troops, who are largely denounced as occupiers.
The hostility seems likely to become even worse after Hojatoleslam al-Sadr issued an ultimatum at the weekend giving warning of “open war” unless Iraqi and US forces halted their attacks against his fighters in Sadr City, the southern oil hub of Basra and elsewhere across the Shia-dominated south of Iraq.
His threat was followed by the worst fighting in Sadr City of the past fortnight, with US soldiers killing 23 militants, wounding three and arresting three between Saturday night and yesterday morning, according to a US military spokesman. “There has been an uptick in violence,” Lieutenant-Colonel Steven Stover said.
The escalation of fighting has brought despair for many civilians, who complain that they are tired of being trapped in the firing line. “We in Sadr City are in a very bad situation,” Ahmad Jafaar, 33, a labourer, said. “The Iraqi and US forces can’t distinguish between the civilians and fighters. We are stuck in hell between two fires.” He said that there was “no food, no water, no power, no medicines”.
Al-Mahdi Army fighters are waiting for Hojatoleslam al-Sadr to give the word to end a ceasefire that has been in place since last August. They believe this is the only reason that Iraqi forces have managed to make gains in Sadr City and Basra, after an offensive launched four weeks ago by Nouri al-Maliki, the Prime Minister.
Condoleezza Rice, the US Secretary of State, applauded the Government for taking a tough line against the militia. “It is indeed a moment of opportunity in Iraq, thanks to the courageous decisions taken by the Prime Minister and a unified Iraqi leadership,” she said during a visit to Baghdad, where she met Mr al-Maliki as well as Jalal Talabani, the Iraqi President. A rebellion by al-Mahdi Army, which has tens of thousands of fighters, could end a period of reduced violence at a time when US forces are starting to leave Iraq. Hundreds of people have been killed in Basra and during clashes that have flared across southern Iraq since the offensive started.
Hojatoleslam al-Sadr’s spokesman in the holy city of Najaf said yesterday that no deadline had been set for Mr al-Maliki to respond to the threat of war. “[Hojatoleslam al-Sadr] has hit the ball into the Government’s court,” said Sheikh Salah al-Obeidi. Al-Mahdi Army fighters in Sadr City, which has 2.5 million people, are ready to make a stand. “We need a big reaction to prove that we are here,” Abd al-Zaha-ra’a, a local commander, said.
Travelling through the southern quarter of Sadr City with a unit of US soldiers at the weekend, sporadic gun-fire could be heard in the distance. Soldiers were on alert constantly to the threat of sniper fire or hand grenades.
US and Iraqi forces have pushed into the south of the district in an attempt to prevent militants from firing rockets at the fortified Green Zone, which came under repeated attack after the start of the Basra offensive on March 25. They are building a concrete wall to partition off the sector, which was once home to a hugely popular market but now lies largely closed and deserted after being badly damaged by mortar fire.
US commanders say that the wall will protect civilians from militia attacks, but residents are less convinced, arguing that it feels like a prison. An Iraqi major said that militants were using the barriers to hide behind and launch attacks.
Captain Alex Carter is part of a four-man team that has been given the task of helping to stimulate the local economy and improve access to essential services. He has employed 90 young men on a three-month contract to sweep the streets in yellow bibs, each earning $10 a day.
“The key constituent group for us is males aged 18-to30,” said the officer. The aim is to give males of fighting age a regular salary, which in theory should stop them from looking to the militia to earn money. Captain Carter said, however, that intimidation from the militia had scared off potential recruits. Two contractors that he had hired since August had been killed.
Militia man
— The al-Mahdi Army was formed in June 2003 by Hojatoleslam Moqtada al-Sadr, below, to protect Shia religious institutions
— In 2004 he led a bloody uprising in the city of Najaf
— He says that his militia is preparing the way for the Mahdi, a messiah believed by Shias to be their 12th imam, who disappeared in the 9th century
— Initially the group was small, made up of 500 to 1,000 combatants. Its numbers swelled dramatically and it began seizing ground – notably in Najaf and Sadr City, Baghdad.
— By August 2006 the militia had 60,000 fighters
— Last summer he called a truce that has been credited with reducing much of the violence in Iraq
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With respect, the people in the land of freedom, US military have a choice. Imagine if Iraq sent in hundreds of thousands of armed men, backed up with "Friendly Fire" bombers causing "collateral damage" & shooting at passengers who don't stop when trigger-happy invaders scream in a foreign tongue?
Kaye, Aldershot, England
How much do you REALLY KNOW about what has happened, is happening and might happen in Iraq? Have you been there? Do you have a loved one over there serving in the US Military? Give your know-it-all sentiments a rest! I'm sick of you.
Beverly, Tulsa, Oklahoma,USA
There will be a peace of a kind when all invaders and collaborators are dead. Real peace may come when murderers are made to pay for crimes commited. One million dead, there is only one form of payment
Wilfred Owen, London,
Morrissey,
Maliki a puppet? Really? Tell that to the millions of Iraqis who put him in power in a democratic election!
ME, Boulder, CO
I think many of you forgot that Iraq does not belong to America, Britain, EU or any other foreign entity. So butt out. America and UK are illegally occupying Iraq. Sadr is as legitimate as the puppet Maliki.
Morrissey, Philadelphia,
If the U.S. government was wise, it would call for a cease fire among all parties and negotiate a peace settlement. It would then withdraw its military, taking with it those Iraqi supporters whose lives would otherwise be in grave danger.
If the al-Sadr cease fire is forced to end, a great opportunity for peace will have been lost, as will many lives.
Dick Kazan, Redondo Beach, California / USA
If negotiating with Al Sadr's forces is to negotiate with terrorists, then I ask, what is to negotiate with American and British forces whose only job in Iraq has been to bring death and suffering to the Iraqis? Yes, what the Americans and British do in Iraq and Afghanistan is terrorism or more specifically state terrorism, thai is, when they kill, they do it wholesale. Islam is violence? Perhaps, but what has Christianity offered. Probably 10 times more violence. Is the West peace loving? Maybe for the fools who believe all their media feeds them. In fact the west has been the most blood-thirsty civilization on earth;
Jaime Galarza, Lima, Peru
Hiring 90 street sweepers in order to win support in a slum of 2.5 million is silly in the extreme.
It would be funny if it weren't so sad.
Maybe Obama, with his first hand knowledge of patronage jobs in Chicago, could lend a few keys words of advice here.
Like, it might take a little more effort than that to actually win.
gary, austin, USA/Texas
While peace is not an appealing option in dealing with the militias, it is the only one the US and UK forces can really choose. Al Sadr's forces are not legitimate, he is not a government agent, and his militia is not an Army in the real sense of the word. To cooperate and negotiate treaties with them is to essentially negotiate and cooperate with a terrorist organisation, which is, of course, not the western way.
Damien Turner, Dorchester, England
Al Sadr ought to listen to the EU or the British government - they keep explaining to anyone who will listen that there is no connection between islam and violence. Or, perhaps it is the other way around - time the EU listened to Al Sadr (and also Al-Zawahri, Abu Izzadeen while they are at it...).
Nick, Rotherham, UK
The more one reads about this, the more one thinks what a nasty business it is and that the Iraqi and US forces shd not lay seige to Sadr City (2.5 million), a poor slum area of Baghdad, & its Mahdi Army defenders. Hundreds of civilians have already been killed & thousands injured. Al Sadr's org. provides a massive nationwide network of charitable aid for the poor. I've written a lengthy comment recently (Comment Central),so will not repeat here. If it is true that al Sadr's faction has threatened to kill family members of Iraqi forces who attack Sadr City, that is terrible and wd nullify moral claims. However, it is not easy to decipher the truth without first hand verification. Many have defected & joined al Sadr's army. The US should not allow a repeat what happened in India when, after laying down their arms, the Sikhs were all martyred for wanting their own religion and territory. Al Sadr's religious faction's Mahdi Army is obvsly willing to die in battle. Don't
let that happen.
Joan Moira Peters, Whangarei (UK Citizen , temp. o/seas)
The civil war continues and will continue. This should all have been foreseen. The trouble is that America is the most powerful nation in the World but it does not have the political maturity to lead it.
A B Robertson, Dunoon, Scotland
So, last summer he called a truce which worked. Two weeks ago his soldiers were in the streets chanting 'If you do not attack us we will not attack you'. And last week our (coalition) forces tried to squash them. I wonder, dialogue and neutral treaties of peace or force, hmm, which one is better.
Farrukh, Woking, UK
Al Sadr is finished. Ayatola Sistani and his Badr Brigades, the only real Shiite resistance to Maliki, have switched sides. Even Iran is hedging its bets on Sadr now, claiming to support Maliki in getting rid of such miscreants.
Of course, the very presence of Al Sadr's forces in Basra and to a much lesser extent Sadr City is owing to a failure in American policy. That failure is, of course, listening to the British instead of getting rid of Sadr four years ago. The "no challenge, no fight" hudna that's kept Sadr around ever since Fallujah went out the window once Britain pulled out of Basra, and none too soon.
It seems that the American solution of "smoke 'em out, then smoke 'em" is what needed to be done with Al Sadr all along.
It will be interesting to see how long the media can keep the "quagmire" story in Iraq going now that the only real resistance amounts to a couple suicide bombings per week. Not much worse than Pakistan, after all, is it?
John, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
Bless our soldiers, but Iraqiies that co-operate with the US attempt to continue domination of life and politics in the mid-east are seen as conspiraring with the enemy.
We put the shah of Iran in power. We gave Saddam his first biological weapons, and helped him attack Itran.
The Shiite's about to hit the fan...
Let's get energy independent, seal our borders, and bring the troops home...
Peter, Twin Falls, Idaho