Deborah Haynes
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A mortar round exploded nearby as the US Marine stepped on to the street in Basra, forcing him to dive back inside his combat vehicle for cover.
“That was the first time that I thought, OK, this is serious, we are not playing games any more,” said Lieuten-ant-Colonel Chuck Western, one of the first Marines to venture into the city in late March to support an Iraqi-led offensive against gangs of well-armed militia.
Holed up at an old police station, the 400-strong battalion of Iraqi soldiers was taking a pounding, but the men cheered at the sight of their team of seven military advisers – embedded officers and soldiers who help to train Iraq’s fledgeling forces.
The Basra offensive, started unexpectedly by Nouri al-Maliki, the Iraqi Prime Minister, on March 25 to rid the oil-rich port city of armed gangs, was the first real test of the Government’s ability to impose its authority on one of the most lawless parts of the country. It also demonstrated a growing distrust of the British military, which was kept unaware of the plan until the last moment after Mr al-Maliki discovered that Britain had been negotiating with the very militia he was trying to expel.
Even after the offensive had started, the 4,000 British troops based at Basra airport were unable to join the fight because of a deal with al-Mahdi Army not to enter the city. It would take six days before the permission was granted by Des Browne, the Defence Secretary.
Details of the “accommodation” between British intelligence officers and elements of al-Mahdi Army, which has been blamed for murders and other atrocities in Basra for the past four years, shocked US and Iraqi officers, who have expressed a sense of betrayal. All parties involved agree that Britain’s reputation in Iraq has been badly, possibly irrevocably, damaged by the episode.
The Charge of the Knights, as the operation was called, got off to a shaky start as Iraqi police and soldiers – trained by the British but lacking much experience – met fierce resistance from the Shia militiamen, threatening a humiliating early defeat for the Iraqi leader.
Demoralised and outgunned, some 3,000 men surrendered their weapons and fled, their vehicles left burning in the street. Mr al-Maliki, who flew down to Basra to take command of the operation, knew that the outcome would probably decide his fate as well.
“There was a lot of confusion at that time,” Colonel Western told The Times from his base in the city of Baquba, northeast of Baghdad. “Units were evaporating from the 14th division. Orders were not necessarily clear. The battalion was being sent all over the place. There was not a coherent plan at the time.”
Corporal Hussein Abid Hamza is a soldier in the 2nd Battalion, 1st Brigade, 1st Division of the Iraqi Army. It is Iraq’s best-trained division and is seen as a rapid reaction unit. Colonel Western and his team helped to train the troops.
Arriving at the northern gates of Basra as part of the first wave of additional manpower, Corporal Hamza admitted that he had an attack of nerves as he saw two colleagues give up and go home. “I told myself that if I gave up too, then someone else would, and someone else would until no one is left,” said the 23-year-old, who opted to stay and fight, holding out for three or four days at the nearby police station in what the Marine advisers refer to as the Battle of the Gates.
Sergeant Joshua Stone, 23, remembers that battle all too well, particularly one night when militiamen started attacking the police station where the Iraqis and their US advisers were based with 120mm rounds.
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I have the deepest respect for the British military forces...especially their Paratroopers. There is no shortage of bravery or fighting ability. There appears to be a shortage of critical thinking among the political and military leadership.
Kiel vonAachen, Columbus,Ohio, USA
It all depends on which version of events is true. The Iraqi PM wanted American Troops and the British were excluded. Why was that?
Norm, Newcastle, UK
To the uninformed American, it sounds as if the British mission in Basra since 2005, was to boldly state - "We're here!", and not much else. I imagine the negligible political cover for western politicians wasn't worth the price to Iraqi's.
GL, Seattle, USA
I have served with the British Army and hold them in the highest esteem. I've never found anything but courage and honor among them. Let's not let this get personal; the men and women on the ground are doing their very best in some very difficult circumstances. Blame the leaders first.
Earnest Bliss, Whitehouse, OH, USA
I understand the deal made with Sadr, but that should have been killed the moment your allies are under attack
Armando, Tampa, USA
Do we never learn. The US attempt to rescue the Iranian hostages failed in part because the rescue misison were contacting the White House/DoD for instructions. It should be left to the senior officer on the ground to make decisions. Besides, Des Browne may have been working on Scotland that week.
John, bangkok, Thailand
I understand the comments from the USA in relation to this article. All I can say is read it again and understand exactly what it is saying. The British have had far more success than the Americans in CI ops. What happened here was the interuption of that process by the Iraqis themselves.
Jurgen, St Maixent sur Vie, France
I suspect Churchill would have weighed up the situation, disregarded any political gains, and not committed any troops to this shambles in the first place. The idea that the intervention of the West has improved matters in Iraq is laughable. Thousands of people have died for no gain whatsoever.
John , London,
What would Churchill have done? He would have made deals with the tribes to facilitate a troop drawdown, just as he did when he was responsible for fighting the Iraqi insurgency in 1920-1921. Does that sound familiar?
Gavin, Dundee,
Nice British bashing from the Yanks here; shows we can't trust you when the chips are down! When times were hard the UK supported the US, shame that you can't offer the same support the other way round.
Also I cannot believe that any deal in Basra was done without US, or maybe Iraqi, knowledge.
Matt, Henley,
If Al-Maliki doesn't trust the British, then it's time for us to leave Iraq.
Glynys Honor, Orpington, KENT
What are you going on about Ken Wyatt? It was the Americans and Iraqis who took Basra back from Mahdi Army when Gordon Brown cowardly ordered the troops to surrender control of Basra to the Mahdi Army.
Terrible shame for the Army who have given so many lives to capture Basra in first place.
Andy, London, UK
Shame on all you Amercians for slating our brave soldiers. How do you even think you know what is going on out there?
Churchill wouldn't have believed the lame excuses for going there in the first place.
Adam , Bolton, England
New Labour are too interested in giving hand outs to islamic preachers in the UK rather than supporting our troops and Allies. 7/7 victims are still waiting for compensation... New Labour - New Traitor.
Marc ylf, London, UK
It just seems that the Americans love to start 'em but lack the heart to fight 'em.
Ken Wyatt, Todmorden, UK
This is a case of the left hand not knowing what the right hand is doing. If we are in this thing then we are in it together and should work together. I understand that politics will always come into play but all this back door negotiating will only hurt our own troops and ultimately Iraq.
Mick, London, United Kingdom
Dan/USA
All Americans know by now, lastly, that we can't rely on the Europeans for much, at all, as Afghanistan proves and now Iraq as well. When you can't even rely on the Brits though, an American just sees Europe as a useless, costly investment from the 20th Century. Europe can't be relied on.
Dan B., Portland, USA
I second what David M. said about the British having a first rate Army. I worked with British soldiers and shared billeting with them, so I know they are well-trained and certainly aren't cowards. The political will to see things through has evaporated in the U.K. though.
Ross, Wyoming, USA
" Shame, and eternal shame, nothing
but shame!" This is the quote from Henry V that went round and round in my head when I read this article.
Hester, Naperville, USA
Every British soldier owes an enormous debt of gratitude to The Times for exposing this squalid act of stupidity or cowardice on the part of their Government. Until it was exposed, the courage of these soldiers had been questioned, and had earned them a collective "white feather".
Bob Evans, Anaheim, California
The British have a first rate army with a lot of experience in sticky situations, from Iraq to Ireland. What has really hampered their effectiveness in Basra is the lack of political will and support at home.
David Mickelson, Vancouver, WA, U.S.
stand up and fight or go home. What would Churchill have done?
Carlos A. Miller, Pasadena, California, US of A