Jon Swain
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How did Hamas start? Founded in 1987, it owes its creation partly to an Israeli miscalculation. A small Palestinian wing of the Muslim Brotherhood, a religious organisation, was functioning in Gaza, then under Israeli occupation. It was offered financial support by Saudi Arabia to build mosques. Yitzhak Rabin, the defence minister, reluctantly agreed to allow the Saudi money into Gaza, hoping that the new group would counterbalance the feared Fatah force of Yasser Arafat, leader of the Palestine Liberation Organisation. A few months later Hamas was formed during the first Palestinian uprising. Its name stands for Harakat al-Muqawama al-Islamiya, which means Islamic Resistance Movement.
How did it become so powerful? Its initial focus was on social welfare. It created health and welfare centres as well as helping the widows of suicide bombers from 1993 onwards. By the Palestinian uprising of 2000, its mixture of welfare and warfare against Israel had won it popularity and influence. In 2006 it scored a decisive victory in parliamentary elections amid widespread disillusionment with a divided Fatah, its secular rival.
Who leads Hamas? Hamas was founded by Ahmed Yassin, a Muslim cleric who had been in a wheelchair since a playground accident in his youth. Yassin supported suicide bombings and opposed any reconciliation with Israel. In 2004 he was killed by an Israeli helicopter gunship. Abdel Aziz al-Rantissi, his successor, died soon afterwards. Khaled Mashaal, a physics teacher who lives in exile in Damascus, is now the supreme leader. In 1997 Mashaal survived being poisoned by Mossad, the Israeli intelligence agency, in Jordan. Two key figures in a secretive leadership are Ismail Haniya, the former Hamas prime minister, and Mahmoud al-Zahar, a former foreign minister who is believed to have led the offensive against Fatah.
Why the chaos now? Since being democratically elected in 2006, Hamas, which Britain, America and Israel regard as a terrorist organisation, has faced turmoil. Israel withheld tax revenues and Europe its aid. The aim was to pressurise Hamas into renouncing violence and recognising Israel. The result has been widespread poverty, unemployment and growing tension and unrest. Sporadic clashes between Hamas gunmen and Fatah security forces in Gaza have gradually intensified.
What triggered the latest fighting? In an effort to end international isolation, Hamas and Fatah agreed to form a national unity government, but this failed to end friction between their respective gunmen. When fighting broke out again, Hamas fundamentalists saw their chance to seize power in Gaza and drive out the moderate Fatah figures whom they regarded as collaborators for their willingness to talk to Israel.
How big a threat is Hamas to Israel? Hamas has no shortage of fighters and light weapons at its disposal. From Gaza it can bombard Israel with small homemade rockets. Its defeat of Fatah appears to have given it possession of a number of 122mm rockets, the same type that Hezbollah fired into Israel from southern Lebanon last year with devastating consequences. Hamas’s most frightening weapons, however, are the suicide bombers. They have been used repeatedly inside Israel before – and could be used again.
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The article also fails to mention how Hamas was voted to govern Palestinea and that Fatah refuses to surrender certain functions of the government to Hamas after. I don't know about you, but this seems to be rather undemocratic to me!
IL, London,
Right Malcolm - but there is something else missing; no mention of the fact that Hamas is dedicated to the destruction of Israel and will neither recognsie nor deal with Israel. Its charter is anti-Semitic and anti Chistian and anti west and anti democrary .This makes them an irrelevancy for the plans for a real peace in the Middle East and they should be totally boycotted and ostracised by all civilised nations and people, along with Hezbollah and Iran and Syria who finance these two evil organisations. Had a similar tact been followed agaist Hitler in 1933-9, WW2 may have been avoided and Hitler overthrown.
Martin Sugarman, London, UK
Hamas is an terrorist organisation with strong ties with Iran!
Gerrit, Amsterdam, Neththerlands
It is amazing that an article with "Who is Hamas" in it's title is missing the most important key element. There is no reference to Iran and the intense financial and military support the ayatollahs give Hamas. There is no mention of the Islamist nature of Hamas which incorporates Global Jihad as part of it's credo. There is no mention of the suicide death cult instilled in children from birth in order to fulfill the Islamist goals.
malcolm, New York ,
The Palestinians had an opportunity for Statehood and world recognition the same time Israel was formed. I'm no great lover of either, but read your history. The Palestinians, not satisfied with the area given to them for their homeland, which was about 80% of what they wanted, instead decided to opt out. The rest is history. Had they accepted statehood then and worked with the world powers as a recognized nation they may have been able to resolve the border issues since 1949. Instead they chose a course that has unfortunately subjected their people to many atrocities. Tell me Mr. Haddad, now of Canada, you accuse the Lebanese people "for not being patriotic enough to care for their nation and not proud enough to be Lebanese". How patriotic and caring are you living in Canada?
Daniel DeNoux , New Orleans, LA
It is quite easy and sexy to blame Israel for all the ills of the Palestinian arabs, and indeed for those in the middle east. The plights of the palestinians be it fatah, hamas, islamic jihad, islamic brotherhood etc..is deliberately blamed on the so called Israeli "occupation" (as if Jews can be blamed for occupying their own land). Let's not remove from our memories that the "Palestinian resistance" was created in 1964..that is THREE years before the 6 day war in 1967 in which Israel launched it's war against Egyptian and Jordanian terrorism. That is 3 whole years before there was any so called "Israeli occupation". The aim of the arab countries has been to use Palestinian arabs, themselves refugees from arab lands, as a pawn against the existance of Israel, to this day. Would any carring arab country open its doors to the palestinians fleeing Gaza due to the Hamas kiiling of iots own people?
Adnan Altar, Jerusalem DC, Israel
Mr. Jon Swain perhaps forgot to mention an important element of the palestinians saga.
Since the establishment of the State of Israel, the Palestinians were scattered and forced to live in refugee camps. They were deprived of a FUTURE for themselves and their kids. Those still living in Israel are constantly harrassed by the israeli army, beaten like animals, deprived of the essentials to live like human beings.
I have left my country Lebanon because of the civil war in 1958, therefor, I do understand the plight and the difficulties of the palestinians because I have lived them for so many years before I was able to have a decent life for myself and my family. Yet I still miss my birthplace, my family, relatives and friends. I have no hatred for the Palestinians though they are figthing the Lebanese Army and causing tremendous security problems for my country. I blame the lebanese themselves for not being patriotic enough to care for their nation and not proud enough to be lebanese
Bernie Haddad, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
It's been several thousand years of conflict. The whole region has been fighting since the beginning of time. They don't know how to live in peace. I don't believe it will ever end due to the traditions of their fathers. That whole area will be the start of WWIII.
Tom, New York, usa