Marie Colvin
We've made some changes
to The Sunday Times
THE shocking toll of six American helicopters shot down in Iraq within three weeks has sparked a Pentagon inquiry into the use of surface-to-air (Sam) missiles against the aircraft.
“Is there a concern? Yes, there is definitely a concern,” said a Pentagon official about the helicopter downings. “Are we looking at it closely? You bet.” Air power is crucial to American military strategy in Iraq — roads have become too dangerous to travel along because of roadside bombs that can penetrate even the armour of a US Abrams battle tank.
The shooting down of six helicopters with the loss of 27 lives is an unprecedented success for the Iraqi insurgency, and coincides with the “surge” operation of increased American troops in Baghdad backed up by Iraqi police and army.
The latest security clampdown follows two unsuccessful operations, Operation Together Forward I and Operation Together Forward II, both aimed at retaking Baghdad neighbourhoods. The previous operations failed when American troops pulled out and turned over the areas to Iraqi troops. Insurgents simply hid their weapons and returned when the Americans left.
Yesterday, Iraqi security forces found 50 Russian-made Sam missiles in a weapons cache near Baghdad. The discovery, the largest of its kind since 2003, has confirmed suspicions that insurgents are using more sophisticated munitions.
The Pentagon has confirmed that a CH46 Sea Knight shot down 11 days ago in Al-Anbar province west of Baghdad, the heartland of the Sunni insurgency, was the victim of a Soviet-designed Sam.
They had earlier claimed it had crashed because of mechanical failure. Sea Knights are troop transport vehicles, highly identifiable because of their huge size and twin rotors. They can carry up to 24 troops, with four crew.
British, American and Iraqi sources said the missile used was a version of the “Strela” series — a Sam designed in Russia and copied by countries as diverse as North Korea and Egypt.
Investigators are focusing on which version of the Strela was used. The Sam 7 (Strela 2) is cheap, available in Iraq on the black market for £500, and easy to use. One source said yesterday: “I could teach you to use it in one day. You just wait for the green light and the growling noise, and pull the trigger.”
The Sea Knight is more likely to have been shot down by the advanced Strela 3, or Sam 14, that locks on to the target more efficiently, but in Iraq they would cost up to £25,000 and would be used only by specially trained insurgents.
The Pentagon is concerned that the insurgents may also have access to the next-generation missile, the Igla, which can cost hundreds of thousands of pounds and is highly accurate.
It is a sensitive issue for the US military. While the Bush administration is pointing the finger at Iran for supplying weapons to Iraqi rebels, the Iranians are unlikely to be behind these helicopter attacks.
Most of the Shi’ite attacks are sectarian, on their Sunni enemies, while all the attacks on American helicopters have come from Sunni areas. The missile technology is believed to have fallen into the hands of former Saddam supporters or their Al-Qaeda allies.
On Sunni websites the insurgents have issued communiqués from the “air defence unit of the Islamic State of Iraq” taking responsibility for shooting down the American helicopters.
Muwaffaq al-Rubaie, the Iraqi national security minister, said yesterday in Baghdad: “Not all the American helicopters were brought down by missiles, some were lucky shots from ground fire such as heavy calibre machineguns. But the operation now going on is dependent upon both the military and their contractors flying on helicopters and there is evidence the insurgents are using missiles against them.”
The Pentagon source concurred. “Of the six helicopters that recently crashed, one flew into a telephone wire, one crashed because of unknown causes and the other four came down under fire from the ground. The last confirmed missile hit is the most worrying.” The new surge operation depends on helicopters to transport cargo, weapons and soldiers.
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The US forces operate large numbers of helipcopters and many of these are elderly, including the Sea Knight. As insurgent technology improves, it will be necessary to retire some of the older equipment and to install state-of-the-art defensive aid suites on the newer aircraft. This is not a show stopper but will rachet up the bill.
John Annan, Tiverton, UK
interesting perspective uncle
travis, danville, ca
insurgents as fighters are improving, they get better and better. they are getting skillful in taking down helicopters and punching the thick amoured tanks. US likes to blame other countries helping them to discredit the insurgents. It is a learning process through out, so insurgents or freedom fighters are learning. They are learning for their freedom in their own land. Sure they do not like to be the subject of foreign power which is understandable.
Haji Hassan, Belait, Brunei
The Russians were forced to leave Afghanistan when the mujahadeen aquired the Stinger, thereby removing Soviet air superiority. Something similar is underway in iraq
history repeats itself
Jeremy, North vancouver, BC Canada
When the Regan administration gave the Mujahadeen fighters in Afghanistan, the lethal Stinger missiles, Russian helicopters were being shot out of th skies on a daily basis. This very fact, led to the Russian defeat in Afghanistan.
Do you think the Russians are thinking : " Paybacks Are Great "?
George Eadeh, Jacksonville,, Florida / USA
If you remember history Afghanistan was the USSR's Vietnam. I'm sure, just as we did, a large amount of arms and ammunition was left behind. Why should we be surprised by this "nw development". What it implies is we lost the ground war and now the Iraqis are taking the next step the air war.
We will claim great victory in Bagdhad when all that is really happened is the insugents went underground to prepare for phase II.
Americans must accept there is nothing we can do, we have lost the war in Iraq
Wil Lofland, Parkside, PA. USA
Geez, who would've thought that with every passing year the insurgents would get better and better and their technology and support would get better and better (apart from all the experts in counter-insurgency warfare, e.g., the Vietnam guys like Gen. Zinni, Gen. Hoar, Gen. Shinseki, the late Col. Hackworth, et al.)?!! But hey, Gen. Petreaus, the new expert in counter-insurgency warfare and the author of the new counter-insurgency manual for the U.S. military thinks all is going well and "The Surge" will be successful, and shouldn't he know, he has his counter-insurgency expertise from spending four years at a Hudson Valley military academy and a few years in Princeton.
Daniel, Frederick, USA
The small print of this article is even more revealing than the big. The US is having to use helicopters because roadside bombs are now so dangerous that they can penetrate the armour of an Abrams tank. Does this not mean that the tank is going the way of the battleship? Tanks have been vulnerable to air-attack for decades. if they can now be knocked out by home-made bombs then they are almost useless. Forget invading Iran Mr Bush. Unless you are willing to exterminate its population wholesale, your tanks and helicopters are bound to be destroyed in even greater numbers. In future the only foreign wars with a hope of success will be those supported by the local population. Imperial adventures, like the invasion of Iraq, will have to be a thing of the past.
Adrian Gilbert, Tonbridge, England
It is ironic and not an unique observation, that countries develop munitions' technology, negotiate with some acrimony for $billion dollar deals; only to have the same weapons subsequently and devastatingly turned on them. Left hand not telling the right hand.....
Robbie Rohan, Great Chart, Kent, UK
How about operation more bloodshed i and II
or operation iraqi liberation (O.I.L)
or operation iranian liberation (more O.I.L)
Bob, bath, uk
......and here we are again, one more lap of the circuit complete! I just read practically the same story, word for word, as I did almost twenty years ago. Then it was over the American government supplying Stinger missiles to insurgents in Afganistan. Russia was loosing helicopters hand over fist the guys dressed in sack cloth and armed with the latest 'must have' in western missile technology. Regularly the Biased Broadcasting Corporation would indulge us with footage of faint and grey whispy lines zooming into the blue to be followed by an explosion...and the death of its targets crew.
So, same old, same old...but this time the shoes on the other foot!!!
David Downes, Chester, UK
Since 'Operation Together Forward I' and 'Operation Together Forward II' were judged by the US military planners to have been total failures, would they perhaps have a better chance of success if the next 'Operation' were dubbed 'Together Backward' ?
henry laycock, kingston, canada
According to intenational law these attacks are fully justified and legitimate fight with occupying power. Occupation, on the other hand, is illegal.
It's time americans understood that, everybody else seems to have done it long time ago.
van dribble, washington, USA