Jenny Booth, and Thomas Catan of The Times
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President Hugo Chavez was narrowly defeated today in a referendum on his wish to run for re-election as President of Venezuela indefinitely.
Voters said "no" by 51 per cent to 49 per cent to reforms that would have, among other things, freed him from presidential term limits, scrapped the autonomy of the central bank and given him control over foreign currency reserves, swelled by soaring oil revenues.
Mr Chávez, 53, has been President for nine years and has a mandate to remain in power until 2013 but he said that he was prepared to remain until 2050 to forge his new "socialist republic".
The reforms also included stronger powers for the President to seize private property and to censor the media during emergencies. There were sweeteners, including cutting the working day from eight hours to six, extending social security benefits to informal workers, such as street vendors and lowering the voting age to 16.
Mr Chavez, noted for his fiery rhetoric, was unusually conciliatory when he conceded defeat in the early hours.
"This is not a defeat. This is another ’for now’," the President said at his presidential palace, repeating a well-known quote when as a red-bereted paratrooper he went on national television in 1992 and acknowledged his coup attempt had failed.
The self-styled revolutionary and close ally of Cuba conceded defeat but said he would "continue in the battle to build socialism". He added that the reform proposals remained "alive", suggesting that he may try to push them through later on.
Celebrations broke out throughout Caracas with caravans of opposition activists cheering, honking horns and waving flags out of car windows. Many said Venezuela had narrowly escaped the imposition of authoritarian rule.
"The reform would have made some frightening changes in our country," said an ecstatic Astrid Badell, 18, pulling a plastic green whistle from her mouth to talk."It would have practically been a copy of the Cuban constitution, and that would have been a big step backward."
While Mr Chavez remains powerful and popular, it was his first ballot box loss since he first swept into office nine years ago after failing to seize power in a 1992 military coup.
Students, business groups, opposition parties, the Roman Catholic Church, former political allies and even his usually loyal former wife all lined up against Mr Chavez ahead of the referendum vote. They accused him of pushing the constitutional reforms to set up a dictatorship.
"Venezuela said ’No’ to socialism, Venezuela said ’Yes’ to democracy," said Leopoldo Lopez, the popular mayor of a Caracas district.
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Socialists all over the world are in despair. Maybe they can get Jummah Carter to get the vote changed. Booh-hoo.
William, Denver, Colorado
He has had 10 years of rule and yet the poor remain just as poor as 10 years ago. Private supermarkets are missing food they used to regularly stock as most food is diverted to supermarkets owned by... Chavez. People are already having to queue to buy chicken! He is just in it for the power, not his fellow man as he suggests. This vote against him is a good thing but I feel there will be another vote and another after that until, eventually, he gets the vote he was looking for. Some of my girlfriends family live in Venezuela and were going to move to Colombia if the reforms had passed.
Graeme, Edinburgh,
C'mon!
Recognizing the results does not "prove" any democratic vein in Mr. Chávez. If that were the case you should say the same about the Uruguayan Junta in 1977, and about the very paradigm of a democrat: the gorilla Pinochet.
The truth is that even Mr. Chávez has not been able to fully control (and destroy) the system Venezuelans had fought for since 1928, a system that would place the military out of political power and in charge of the state defense.
Chávez is nothing but a backlash of the reactionary forces that want to put an end to liberal democracy in Venezuela. Luckily, his parroting of progressive causes has a limit in his own narcissistic madness.
Jacinto Fombona, Caracas, Venezuela
Venezuelans have spoken and their's is a warning to all power hungry, would be dictators. Real power belongs to the people. The problems that exist in Venezuela are no different to that of other developing nations where fundamental rights are being whittled away. I applaud the people of Venezuela for taking a stance in the battle to protect democracy. I can only hope that the citizens of nearby Trinidad and Tobago will do the same as they endure growing poverty, starvation , corruption and rapidly increasing crime levels all due to sinister attempts at absolute power.
Lisa Poliah, San Fernando, Trinidad
So now what?Chavez isn't going to go away.He's going to blame the U.S.for his defeat,that's for sure.Perhaps other countries as well.I think I see bloodshed in the future.
ron, toronto,
It is very hard for most Americans to understand Latin American politics due to the lack of background information and because you tend to see things with the same mind frame as politics are understood in the U.S. There is a strong tendency to see things in a binary way: Democrats vs. Republicans, progressive vs. conservatives, good and evil. Usually it is really hard for those feel "progressive" that there are so many abuses committed by self proclaimed "socialist" leaders as Chavez, and that there are many tones of gray in the socialist ideology. From President Bachelet in Chile to Fidel or Chavez. You can still feel "progressive democrats" and NOT support Chavez' authoritarian regime (no freedom of speech, no tolerance for people who think different, nationalization of the economy). Of course the flawed neoliberal economy model imposed by greedy forces perpetuates the social and economic inequities.Chavez is NOT a democrat, he's an AUTHORITARIAN intolerant. He's his worst enemy.
Graciela Lu, Eugene, Oregon, U.S.
If his a dictator, it says alot about Gordon Brown and Labour.
At least they got a referendum.
Denver, Croydon, England
Yes the vote proves he is not a dictator........what does the shooting on unarmed protesting students by Chave's thugs prove?
When Chavez leaves office .......and gives up control of the gov't then you can make a case for him not being a dictator.
Hotspur, Atlnta, USA
It's so sorry to see how people here can comment on Venezuelan's president and political situation without having a clue. It is easy to do when you don't live in Venezuela and are not affected by the situation there. Chavez is not a democrat because he accepted the results. He was so full of himself he thought Venezuelans would let him do whatever he wanted because he uses the ignorant non educated people giving them crumbs to buy them when he spends venezuelan people's money to enrich himself and to give it away to other countries to buy their support. Go to Venezuela and see the real situation there, how people die because their health system is collapsed because of lack of money when Venezuelan's President travels all over the world in a presidential airplane that has more gold in it than a jewelry store could wish for. Chavez exploits ignorance and poverty buying them with crumbs when he spends the real money in himself and throwing it away to buy ignorants everywhere! We said NO!
Carolina , Orlando, FL
His defeat proves that Chavez is a "democrat" not a "dictator", as a dictator would have made sure the votes were counted in his favor, or that 99.% of voters turned out and voted like they apparently just did in Chechnya..
David Erlichman, Harrisburg, PA USA