James Bone in New York
We've made some changes
to The Sunday Times
Pentagon officials have announced plans to shoot down a failing spy satellite orbiting over Ireland with a missile from a US navy warship to prevent debris from showering the Earth.
The dramatic operation will target the secret satellite identified as USA 193, which is expected to fall from orbit in the first week of March.
Amateur satellite trackers say that the craft, about the size of a small bus, travels an orbit of 58.5 degrees that takes it over most the Earth from Ireland and the tip of Scotland to Patagonia at the southern end of Latin America. It could crash almost anywhere.
John Locker, a British astronomer, photographed the satellite with sunlight glinting off it at an altitude of about 200 miles from his home in the Wirral, Cheshire, and posted the picture on the website Galaxypix.com.
Astronomy enthusiasts in Ireland say that debris could land anywhere from Co Cork to Co Donegal. The Australian Government has prepared contingency plans in case the craft falls on its territory.
US officials made the decision to shoot it down after predicting that about half the 5,000lb spacecraft would survive its blazing descent through the atmosphere.
The statistical risk of death or injury is considered small. Even when the space shuttle Columbia broke up over Texas and scattered debris over two states no one on the ground was hurt. Two thirds of the Earth’s surface is covered with water. In the past 50 years about 17,000 man-made objects have re-entered the atmosphere, including the 78-ton Skylab space station that fell into the Indian Ocean and across west Australia in 1979.
The USA 193 spy satellite is equipped with small rocket “thrusters” loaded with toxic hydrazine fuel. Contact with hydrazine can cause coughing, irritated throat and lungs, convulsions, tremors or seizures, and long-term exposure can damage the liver, kidney and reproductive organs. US officials say that the craft carries no nuclear material.
USA 193 was launched on December 14, 2006, from the Vandenberg US Air Force Base in California. Once it reached orbit it failed to communicate with its ground controllers, making it uncontrollable. Though its design is top-secret, it is reported to be a high-resolution radar satellite that would take images for the National Reconnaissance Office.
Defence analysts have suggested that the Pentagon may be reluctant to allow a large piece of its most sophisticated technology to fall into the hands of a rival such as Russia or China.
The operation will test the capability of Washington’s new missile defence system, a successor to the “Star Wars” missile interception system of the 1980s.
Pentagon officials said that a navy cruiser would shoot down the satellite using a special missile modified for the task. The operation is likely to prove controversial after the rumpus over China’s anti-satellite test last year. China drew criticism from the US and other nations for shooting down a defunct weather satellite.
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- It does travel in a westerly direction - it is called a retrograde orbit - so it can view different areas of the earth on each orbit. To do this at low orbit requires a large amount of fuel. Easterly orbits transit the same spot on earth - requires less fuel.
- Once hit, the thousands of smaller pieces, vs. 1 chunk weighing 5,000 lbs, will burn up in the atmosphere.
- Most satellites do not de-orbit (return to earth). As they near the end of life, they are either boosted to run into the sub, or a boosted to enter a super-sync orbit - well beyond 23,000 miles.
- This will be hit at the very low limit of space - the debris will rapidly fall into the atmosphere. China's hit was at over 500 miles up - the debris from that hit will stay up there for decades - don't be surprised when your TV or GPS devices fail someday - China's debris is a real threat
James, COLORADO SPRINGS, USA
First there was Superman then there was son of Superman, Spiderman, then there was son of Spiderman, Misile Man who shoots down Sammy The Satellites and saves the world. What a great Hollywood story... mission ocumplished. All statements put out by US government should carry a warning, if there is any truth in what we say please return to sender. This smells of you know what to make US military look good.
David, Ballarat, Australia
II am not very familiar with this topic but I have a question. If we send this missile into space, and miss, doesn't this mean we will now have a loaded missile orbiting the earth? Or can they blow it up without it making contact with something?
Michelle, Sebastian, USA
Big cover up! Don't be fooled!
Hitting it with a missile will create an even bigger cloud of debris - like shotgun pellets instead of a single bullet. Some of that debris could remain in space (read: space junk) - another hazard. That hit would also make a cloud of hydrazine in the upper atmosphere ...
They just want to hide the technology. Don't be hoodwinked! It is no test of missile technology really - the nature of the target is well known and its trajectory has been monitored for at least months. A real anit-missile system would only have 30 -40 minutes of warning.
Sean H., St. Andrew, Jamaica
I'd better get my tin foil hat out from the attic... knowing America and their laser guided "precision" bombs, when they say Ireland, they probably mean "anywhere around Europe".
Howard, Manchester,
This is so fake. The Chinese have the technology to shoot down satelites and they tested it (so dramaticlay last year) and drew widespread condemation. Thus giving them the upper hand in any war since the satelites are the military eyes and ears of the US.
Thus America needs to test its weaponry, so pretends to have a satelite that is falling from the sky (and also saving lives from stopping it falling on our heads) therfore not getting condemnation and showing China that we can do it too!
It is what it is, an arms race - plain and simple.
We are not that gullible.
Ned Ozward, Soldotna, AK
So, China can't be allowed to do that; but when U.S. does, everything is fine.... Astounding!
J.J. Tato, Alicante, Spain
what will happen if the Irish government (Bertie and pals) get their hands on hi-tech american spy equipment and all it's info onboard, Far too much bertie
Nathen Kay, Dublin,
Am I the only one who sees an obvious bit of sabre rattling here?
David, Pyrenees., France.
Lets just hope they hit the right satellite!
Ian, Manchester,
Sure, no problem, have it fall on the paddock behind my house, no bother. Mind the sheep.
John, Cleggan, Ireland
"How many satellites fall to earth every year"
Zero. That's the point of orbiting.
Pierre, Caen, France
I'm surprised they haven't planned to bring the thing down onto Iran.... would save the US from bombing it in the first place.... not that I agree with that in any way. Its just their style.
Patrick, Sarasota, FL
Get the Chinese to shoot it down, they have done it before.
As for the Irish angle, that what you get for being neutral.
Bless them
Steve, London,
This is United States way! By doing the same thing (as China did to their satellite) they can usually escape critisicm from its ally (eg. UK, Europe, etc).
I think others like India, Russia, Japan, China, Iran, etc will soon follow the example of U.S., they can always make use of this "reason" to test out their missles.
I am so looking forward for the future.
sam, farnborough, uk
space junk falling on my head...
fraser, bristol,
Might have been better to have kept quiet about this (in case they miss)
Peter Donson, Southwell,Notts, UK
The Americans have had considerable practice hitting friendly targets so they shouldn't miss!
A.Williams, Cradley Heath,
Why don't they just say it's for " Health and Safety" reasons after all, that's the lame excuse everybody uses to get others to comply with whatever they wish others to comply with!!!
Graham , Littlehampton,
Satellites in low Earth orbit travel from West to East (it requires less launch energy and explains why US satellites are launched from Florida and not California - it's got a big ocean immediately down-flight of it).
Shooting at this satellite while it's on the Eastern edge of the Atlantic, and about to transit over a large landmass, rather than when it's on the Western edge smacks of utter incompetence.
("CalAussie" is partly right, of course, but he's forgetting to take conservation of momentum into account. Otherwise his observation would have rendered the entire Strategic Defense Initiative pointless!)
Ian Kemmish, Biggleswade, UK
Why even bother????
John Williams, Newtown, UK
They may be testing a missile, but you better believe they were going to do it if it was falling or not, because they wouldn't want anyone getting ahold of any of the "Expensive" equipment onboard. Now since it's falling anyway, it gives them a good reason to test their missile and git rid of the evidence at the same time. Two birds with one stone, that sorta thing.
BJ, Uehling, Nebraska
I think the idea is to hit the satellite whilst it is in orbital transit over Ireland, but it would take another half orbit for it to re enter the earth's atmosphere, which would mean it would come down in pieces into the pacific ocean. You cannot just take a pot shot at a satellite in orbit and have it fall vertically down at the point in the orbit that it was intercepted, the momentum is just too great. Its just that in order to ensure a pacific ocean arrival, they need to hit it as it is in transit over Ireland. Of course, some pieces could in theory come down at a later stage anywhere in the orbit which has been described! Just a thought!
Michael Robertson, Brighton, UK
A suspicious mind would suspect the operation will be more about military ability than public safety.
And thank you for mentioning the shower of man-made objects that rain down from earth orbit. The American papers, that I've read, didn't mention that little tidbit for some reason.
DanO, Mount Vernon, USA
If this thing crashes in smidereens over parts of Ireland I presume it'll sproud shamrocks in celebration of St. Patrick's Day?
Garreth Byrne, Nanchang, China
For those who take a more cynical view, the reason given appears very convenient. How many satellites fall to earth every year, and what type of fuel do those satellites use? I am not accepting the premise and I am find the public's acceptance unbelieveable. The story insults one's intelligence.
Maybe the next time another country wants to test an ABM system they will use safety as a reason too. Frankly, I am disappointed that my country's government would employ such a lame excuse. I would have preferred that the US government would just admit that its testing a ABM.
Ted M, Seattle, USA/WA
Remember the USA's pet Nazi rocket-scientist, Werner von Braun and his biography which he titled:-
"I Aimed For The Stars"
To which some British cynic added the rider:-
"But I Sometimes Hit London"
RobM, Boca Grande, FL
As Rand Simberg observed, you can't shoot down an orbiting satellite. All you can do is explode one large object into many smaller objects, which will continue in orbit.
It may make sense to break a large satellite into many smaller pieces when it about to drop out of orbit anyway. Small pieces are less likely to cause damage on Earth. That's presumably the reasoning behind the plan to explode the American satellite.
As I understand it, the Chinese satellite was not about to drop out of orbit. So exploding it into many pieces simply created a serious hazard for space navigation that will continue for as long as the pieces remain in orbit.
CalAussie, San Jose, California,