Lewis Smith, Environment Reporter
Enter our Snapshots of Summer photography competition

The man who located the wreck of the Titanic has revealed that the discovery was a cover story to camouflage the real mission of inspecting the wrecks of two Cold War nuclear submarines.
When Bob Ballard led a team that pinpointed the wreckage of the liner in 1985 he had already completed his main task of finding out what happened to USS Thresher and USS Scorpion.
Both of the United States Navy vessels sank during the 1960s, killing more than 200 men and giving rise to fears that at least one of them, Scorpion, had been sunk by the USSR.
Dr Ballard, an oceanographer, has admitted that he located and inspected the wrecks for the US Navy in top secret missions before he was allowed to search for the Titanic.
Only once he had used his new underwater robot craft to map the submarine wreck sites was he able to use it to crisscross the North Atlantic seabed to pinpoint the last resting place of the luxury liner. It meant he had only 12 days to find the Titanic.
“I couldn’t tell anybody,” he said. “There was a lot of pressure on me. It was a secret mission. I felt it was a fair exchange for getting a chance to look for the Titanic.
“We handed the data to the experts. They never told us what they concluded – our job was to collect the data. I can only talk about it now because it has been declassified.”
Dr Ballard said what he had seen during the inspection of the wrecks gave him the idea of finding a trail of debris that would lead to the main sections of the Titanic. Thresher, had imploded deep beneath the surface and had broken up into thousands of pieces and Scorpion was almost as completely destroyed. “It was as though it had been put through a shredding machine. There was a long debris trail.” Dr Ballard developed a robotic submarine craft in the early 1980s and approached the US Navy in 1982 for funding to search for the Titanic, which sank in 1912 with the loss of 1,500 lives after hitting an iceberg.
He was told that the military were not willing to spend a fortune on locating the liner, but they did want to know what had happened to their submarines.The military were anxious to know how the nuclear reactors had been affected by being submerged for so long.
During the 1980s the nuclear submarine fleet was reduced after the Salt II (strategic arms limitation talks) agreement and one option was to sink unwanted reactors at sea. Dr Ballard said that samples taken from the reactor sections of both submarines showed that there was little risk to the environment from radioactivity.
The oceanographer was given the funding to embark on two expeditions, one to find the wreck of Thresher in 1984 off the eastern coast of the US and another to find Scorpion in the eastern Atlantic.
Thresher, the US Navy’s most advanced attack submarine at the time, sank with all her 129 crew in April 1963 while undergoing seaworthiness tests after dockyard repairs.
A surface ship, Skylark, was in contact when the submarine’s crew reported that a high-pressure pipe supplying the nuclear reactor with cooling water had blown. The accident 1,000ft down, caused the vessel to lose power. It then sank so deep that the pressure hull imploded.
Scorpion disappeared with 99 crew in 1968, and there had been speculation that it was sunk by Soviet forces. Dr Ballard’s visual examination of the wreck site showed that the most likely cause of its destruction was being hit by a rogue torpedo that it had fired itself.
— Titanic: The Final Secret will be shown on the National Geographic Channel at 9pm on June 8.
Win a luxury weekend to Newcastle and its neighbour Gateshead, find out more here
Risk, resilience and embracing new technology
Industry sectors news at a glance. Interactive heatmap, video and podcast
Discover the collective power of smart thinking. Submit a solution and be in with a chance to win a Flip MinoHD Camcorder
The inside track on current trends in the charity, not for profit and social enterprise sectors
Everything the Business Traveller needs to know to make a better trip
Make the most of the summer and enter our fabulous photographic competition, you could win a £5000 holiday
Corsica is an island of beauty and contrast, an ideal holiday destination
Enjoy further reading from Travel to Fashion, Business to Sport, discover more
Shortcuts to help you find sections and articles
The clever way to lease a new car is with Car leasing made simple™
2009
42,945
2008
71,450
Car Insurance
Not Specified
MI6
UK-based
£60,000
The Environment Agency
Bristol
Up to £90K
Boots
Midlands
OTE £85k
Credit Protection Association
Nationwide Opportunities
Completely London
Luxury Condo's in Manhattan with NYC views
The best new homes in Wimbledon?
Nationwide
Save up to £1,000 per couple with Elite Vacations at the five-star Constance Lemuria Resort
and do the British Isles this Summer.
Save up to 60% with Oxford Hotels and Inns
Try our inspiring luxury holidays to the Indian Subcontinent and South East Asia.
Great offers available
8 fabulous Canadian cities ...you won’t find cheaper
Contact our advertising team for advertising and sponsorship in Times Online, The Times and The Sunday Times, or place your advertisement.
Times Online Services: Dating | Jobs | Property Search | Used Cars | Holidays | Births, Marriages, Deaths | Subscriptions | E-paper
News International associated websites: Globrix Property Search | Property Finder | Milkround
Copyright 2009 Times Newspapers Ltd.
This service is provided on Times Newspapers' standard Terms and Conditions. Please read our Privacy Policy.To inquire about a licence to reproduce material from Times Online, The Times or The Sunday Times, click here.This website is published by a member of the News International Group. News International Limited, 1 Virginia St, London E98 1XY, is the holding company for the News International group and is registered in England No 81701. VAT number GB 243 8054 69.
Scorpion: On passage from Rota (Spain) to US course WNW. Sub found in three sections; Fin, Stern and Bow (extensive damage). Wreckage aligned approx NNE (attempted turn?), explosion heard on acoustic tracking devices in Canada and the US. 1968 still end of "coffee grinder" era of Soviet Submarines
Bill, Stavanger, Norway
National Geographic was sold to BushCo Buddies some years ago.
Have these people used the magazine and teevee channel as a propaganda conduit and cover for spying?
You be the judge.
Casper Wski, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
A good read...
Scorpion Down: Sunk by the Soviets, Buried by the Pentagon: The Untold Story of the USS Scorpion ISBN-10: 0465051855
...and the reason behind the sinking...
Red Star Rogue: The Untold Story of a Soviet Submarine's Nuclear Strike Attempt on the U.S. ISBN-10: 0743261127
searock, Prescott,
Scorpion: A torpedo activated in the tube. Torpedos are fitted with safety devices which shut them down if after firing they turn back and "acquire" the firing sub. The crew were too late, or the submarine too slow in turning the 180 degrees required to activate safety's and the torpedo exploded.
Bill, Stavanger, Norway
I read about Glomar Explorer and Soviet submarine in the simple magazine in late 70s, possibly early 80s, 15 years before saw it on US television in late mid 90's. Amazing. Is it not? Welcome to America.
Warren, Cleveland, US
The sinking of the USS Scorpion was no hot run. If you read the new book "All Hands Down" by Jerome Preisler , it tells the story of how the submarine was trapped by the Soviets. It starts out with one of the Bob Ballard/Scorpion/Titanic dives on Alvin. This is the best book I've read in years.
Justin Tabor, Virginia, USA
The rogue torpedo discussed above is what we referred to in the U.S. Submarine Force as a "hot run".
Essentially an unkown something (unknown at the time) would cause the torpedo to light itself off. In such an emergency, the crew would jetison it. And since it was a homing torpedo...
Tom, Griswold, USA
It's barely newsworthy. Another book with a great deal detail on the scorpion is "Blind Man's Bluff" by Sherri Sontag. It details the acoustic signature found that led the team to a) find the Scorpion, and b) a detailed theory on how a batch of bad torpedo batteries may have caused the mishap.
G B, Mpls, US
The Skipper of the Scorpion could have:
Tried to use the hard turn to port manuever that was supposed to deactivate the runaway torpedo in the tube.
Or, he could ditch the torpedo and hope it did not start tracking the only ship in the water - the Scorpion
Jeff, Houston, USA
I actually worked for Russian intelligence in the early 1990's. We were so strapped for cash we actually got all our information from watching the Discovery channel. Saved a fortune.
Its old news now.
Vlad Ladmir, Kosco, Moscow
Perhaps this article was more of a reminder that "The Final Secret" will be shown on the National Geographic Channel at 9pm on June 8, as opposed to some new revelation of this week.
I might watch it - thanks - and thanks also for the mostly educating Have Your Say comments from US/UK - thanks.
DEC, Manchester, UK
'the most likely cause of its destruction was being hit by a rogue torpedo that it had fired itself'....right...how does that work then? Where they looking in a mirror?
NM, London,
Torpedo accidents on submarines are a fact of life, there is no secret that they happen. The conspiracy maniacs are at it again, with the Thresher and Scorpion. Rather than accept that accidents cost lives, they would much rather promote far more complex conspiracy theories. Grow up.
Christopher H, Canberra, Australia
Dr. Ballard's examination of Scorpion is news that is AT LEAST six years old.
To quote the 2002 book, Lost Subs by Spencer Dunmore, page 149...
"In 1985, oceanographer Dr. Robert Ballard and a team from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute secretly took photographs of the Scorpion wreckage..."
Greg Stitz, Jacksonville, AR, USA
Why has Mention of Threshers hull testing at sea on one of first sea trials out of Portsmouth been neglected., Did the mine field testing on the first of each class SUB help cause the damage to piping system. that was not picked up during drydocking prior to her fatefull SEA TRIAL.???
R.Danis, arundel, usa
I remember seeing photos in National Geographic (I may still have it) back in 63 or 64 showing pieces of Thresher, taken from a bathyscape. It was the only manned craft able to get that deep back then. The destruction was total. even the smallest sections of pipe were totally imploded. Amazing!
Allen, Deerfield Beach, FL,
US subs do not fire torpedos on a whim. They were not on a training mission they were under orders to investigate naval activity after coming out of the Med. For a more detailed account read "All Hands Down". It was Soviet retaliation for a sub they incorrectly thought the US sunk in the Pacific.
Mike, Canton, USA
In all that has been writen about Thresher, why nothing mentioned about the testing of Threshers hull on one of first Sea Trials out of PORTSMOUTH . She was put through a Mine Field at sea, which was required for the first ship of a new class sub.She was the last to be subjected to such testing. ???
Ralph i Danis, arundel, USA
"...that the most likely cause of its destruction was being hit by a rogue torpedo that it had fired itself. "
mmm - the Yanks have to be at the top of killing forces personnel on their side through such incidents and "friendly fire" - do they get trained??
Harry Peel, Northampton, UK
Somebody asked if this was newsworthy. Maybe that person would like the news to contain articles that interes him only? Of course it is newsworthy. 12 people have commented already. History and Discovery channels have had shows on the issue. Unless you think that those channels are trivial?
John Morgan, Old Stratford, United Kingdom
The Glomar Explorer was part of a different covert operation. It was publicly a deep sea mining ship operated by Hughes. In reality, it was used to recover wreckage of a Soviet submarine that had sunk near Hawaii.
John, Phoenix, AZ
Is this really newsworthy...
Paul Griffin, Rocky Face, USA
Glomar Explorer was used in the search for a Soviet sub in the Pacific Ocean! They claimed to be mining magnisum from the sea floor and several countrys wasted millions of dollars to make sure they did not get left behind.
Mike Theisen, Colorado Springs, USA
"Red Star Rogue" by Kenneth Sewell provides strong evidence that K129, the Soviet sub whose wreck the Glomar Explorer was sent to retrieve, launched a nuclear warhead at Pearl Harbor on Thursday, March 7, 1968. Rogue elements in the Soviet political hierarchy caused this, which destroyed the sub.
Bob, High Point, NC, USA
Actually, it was called the Glomar Explorer. When I was a teen in the 70's, my family used to sail, and we passed by the ship every time we left the marina. I've got pictures of it. It was docked right near the hangar that housed the Spruce Goose before it was made into a museum piece.
Dave Barak, Poway, California, USA
Yes, they disclosed this on a History Channel program as well, quite some time ago. If it was a cover-up, it was a rather poor one if I knew about it. Some years ago they tried to make a big deal about the pre-D-Day disaster at Lyme Bay England too.
Mike, Zachary, USA
In 1994 I attended an excellent lecture and book signing event by Commander Ballard presented in Sturgis, Michigan (USA) about his team finding the Titanic. During his lecture he described his formerly classified "top secret" project to find Thresher & Scorpion that led to their finding the Titanic
Steven R Schrier, Kalamazoo, Michigan, United States
It was not a pipe supplying water to the reactor that burst, it was a seawater pipe that supplies water to the cooling tubes in the main condenser that burst. completely different system than anything related to the reactor cooling system!!!
Sean, Unitee States,
No kidding. This has been known for many years now.
Have you also heard the real story about the Global Explorer which was designed to pull up a sunken Soviet submarine?
Scott, Durham, NC, USA
Don't overlook the role that U.S. DSRVs played in tapping Soviet underwater communication cables during the cold war. And you thought that DSRVs were primarily for rescuing trapped submariners from sunken submarines? Nice cover. Think again. (Source: Discovery Channel)
Dave, Phoenix, AZ, USA
Not only revealed but you can find some of the pictures they took of the USS Scorpion as well.
Steve, Rochester, United States
This was revealed on the Discovery channel some years ago.
Phill, The Wirral, England