Ben Webster, Transport Correspondent
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A Polish airliner came within seconds of colliding with another plane near Heathrow because its pilots had such poor English that they could not understand basic instructions from air traffic controllers. The Lot Boeing 737, carrying 95 passengers and crew, wandered the skies for almost half an hour as the pilots struggled to identify their position. A controller had to instruct another aircraft to change direction to avoid a collision.
A document seen by The Times suggests that only 15 out of 800 Polish pilots flying internationally have passed the test for the required standard of English.
The two pilots in the Heathrow incident had to rely on directions after positioning instruments went blank because of a co-pilot’s error. They repeatedly failed to comply with instructions as they tried to return to Heathrow. On the final approach the Boeing appeared to be heading for the wrong runway, prompting a controller to order other aircraft to leave the area.
The incident, described in a report by the Air Accidents Investigation Branch (AAIB), highlights the risks associated with having so many foreign pilots with only rudimentary English using British airports. English is the international language of aviation but many countries failed to comply with the International Civil Aviation Organisation (ICAO) deadline of March this year for ensuring that their pilots were proficient in the language.
Poland has applied to the ICAO for an exemption until March 2011, the last possible date for compliance, after which pilots without the required level could be banned from international airspace. In a letter to the ICAO obtained by The Times, the Polish government’s civil aviation office suggests that only 15 pilots out of 800 Poles flying international routes have passed the appropriate English test.
The letter, sent on March 4, nine months after the Heathrow incident, states: “We haven’t had any accident caused by insufficient English level as well as [sic] we have not received any information from air traffic control agencies that Polish pilots were not able to communicate correctly. Therefore, potential risk of accident occurrence due to lack of English language proficiency is very improbable.”
That claim is contradicted by the AAIB’s investigation, which said: “The crew of Lot 282 were not able to communicate adequately the nature and extent of their problem.” The report added: “The commander, who was making the radio calls, was not able to understand some of the instructions.”
The AAIB found that an initial error by the co-pilot had been “compounded by the difficulty of obtaining information from the pilots because of their limited command of English”.
The Department for Transport confirmed that it had kept the Polish authorities informed of the investigation.
David Learmount, safety editor of Flight International magazine, said that it was very worrying that the pilots had not understood British controllers. “It could have been even worse if they had been trying to understand a French controller speaking to them in English,” he said.
“Countries which did not previously have many international pilots are now flooding the world with flights piloted by people who can’t speak English properly. For many pilots, learning English is much more difficult than learning to fly.”
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if even the bbc allow non-standard English these days - i.e. regional accents - then i doubt ground crews' English is very standard either - perhaps they should be put through elocution lessons.
Marco, Kraków, Poland
Switch English for Esperanto???? Great idea!! In the emergency, the non-English speaking pilot would then be able to tell international passengers, in Esperanto, to prepare for a crash, and cabin crew would, in Esperanto, guide everyone out safely. Can't believe this ingenuity isn't in place aready
Steve, london,
Bonjour Chuck and Robert, don't tell me that there are different Englishes. No there is only one. I lke to point out that we have a french dictionnary, the English an English dictionnary but the americans have an american dictionnary of English language. That should make things clear.
E. Bee, Toulouse, France
Was there any research done on how extreme stress afects speach? I guess some exeptionally cool guys would slow it down taking particular care of all the interpunction marks, but the majority would accelerate to an uninterrupted crescendo of ten words a second
Henio, Toruń, Poland
Sorry to say, but that's absolute true!!!!!!!!! Poles are the worst English speakers in Europe! Just a few of them speak enough English to order a beer in a pub. I lived 12 years in Poland - so I guess I can judge about!
Snejder, Krakow,
The 15 out of 800 number is not true or out of date. But probably half - mostly older pilots dont know English as well as they should. Airlines should make up crews where at least one member is up to standard. Anything less is unacceptable. Also keep in mind how hard learning English is at age 50.
Matt, Warsaw, Poland
I agree with Chuck Paugh and wonder if the "British controller" may not be fully free of blame. As nonnative English speaker there is a huge difference for me between U.S. English and British English.
Robert , Winston-Salem, USA
Jenny Neumann -> But the native speakers in the towers should also be trained how to communicate clearly, precisely and, most importantly, slowly.
They are, at least in the UK.
Martin, Leeds, UK
The fairest and safest solution is to to phase in use of the simplest and least ambiguous language in the world for aviation.
Esperanto can be learned thoroughly in a fraction (a fifth, for most Europeans) of the time required for English.
Why should the already disadvantaged be more so?
Penny Vos, Candelo, Australia
What about the pilot's equality?
Should we not have a series of interpreters in each and every Air Traffic Control Tower?
Think of the stress these poor people suffer as a result of this legislation that they MUST understand basic English.
Equality for all.
Deek Dean, Dublin , Ireland
This problem could be solved definitelly if the "official" World language was changed from English to an easier and neutral one, as Esperanto. It is easier to teach Esperanto to all pilots than to teach English to those that still don't know it.
Luis Raudón, Acapulco, Gro., Mexico
Assuming it did land, why didn't the CAA not arrange for this pilot to be sent home, as a passenger on the next flight to his home country with a ban on his flying outside his own country's airspace, thus telling the worlds airlines that they will not be allowed any more such crass stupidity.
Keith Baigrie, Dartmouth, UK
Are these pilots allowed tgo fly in US airspace.
I can imagine that US authorites would be most concerned about an approaching airplane piloted by someone who could not clearly communicate with air taffic control
Ray Harvey, Hitchin, uk
Chuck, read the article - these pilots were unable to follow instructions FROM flight control. Jenny, it would seem that the system works perfectly until pilots whose understanding of English is poor are involved. This is about the safety of passengers and those on the ground.
Bill Q, Derby,
I absolutely agree with John. Not only are they putting their aircraft and passengers in severe danger, but also other aicraft and people on the ground. Why the hell are the UK authorities allowing this to continue?
Andrew Corner, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
"English pilots flying to inter-national destinations are learning that English not enough and they need to know the native language of the airport. "
The above just highlights the article's stupidity.
Transport communication needs standardization. Just like electronics communication and medicine!
Shane Warne, Guildford, UK
Presumably British airports would ban any airline that flew with student pilots from Britain. The same should apply if pilots are unable to speak the accepted international language. Lives must take priority over airlines of any country.
Simon Marshland, Bath, UK
Pages 30-31 of the AAIB report describe the errors of the ATC staff, who failed to to provide to the pilots the location of the plane and who "should ...have treated it as though a MAYDAY had been declared". And the captain's English was good enough for another 15.000 hours of his flying
Mariusz Kuklinski, London,
Mr David Learmount is claiming that it would be even more difficult for these pilots to communicate with the French flight controllers. Well...I would dare to say it would have been easier since both sides as non-native speakers would speak slowly and simply.
Pawel, Basingstoke, UK
John Wokin - people of your profile were needed 70 years ago by the third reich. I spent a number of years in RSA, UK, US and other countries experiencing bad English of your compatriots. To understand Scotsmen it is needed to down a bottle of whisky. Do not exaggerate body...
Grzegorz, Warsaw, Poland
Maybe pilots should just be able to speak the same language as the air traffic controllers, it's that or all airports have to employ staff who speak every language!
sam, Woking, UK
Before we judge the pilot, we should have a chance to listen to pilot - controller tapes (that must be kept for specific time) I just can't believe it's just pilot fault (however it's easiest to say)
Remember the Ueberlingen crash? First thing: Russian pilot didn't speak english - which wasn't true
Pete, Warsaw, Poland
"S", UK - It's more irrational that non-English speaking pilots enter British airspace. Alternative communication - flash torches, wave flags, groups of people on the runway creating "pull up you're going to crash" symbols with their bodies? Speaking seems easier.
Anthony, Manchester, UK
A few years back, I fle LOT to Warsaw and could hardly hear, let alone understand the safety instructions from the cabin crew. If English is the International language for pilots, then any pilot arriving in the UK without proper command should also be prevented from piloting out again.
Ron, Milton Keynes, UK
It sounds a bit irrational that people have to lose their jobs and skilled work, just because they are not English. There are hundreds of languages in the world and thats the beauty of diversity. English really doesn't matter. There should be a medium of communication which is not language dependent
S, uk, uk
The great and brave Polish pilots of WW2 would be turning in their graves at this !!!!
ian payne, walsall,
Repeat please....
Not much has changed since 1940 then :)
Bry Barnes, Somerset, Uk
John from Woking is TOTALLY correct. His only fault is that his posting is 100% logical and 100% sensible. Both attributes would disqualify his comments in the eyes of this pathetic government and the spineless C.A.A.
Mike, Balsall Common, England
Of course if English is the international aviation language, then pilots should be able to understand and speak it. But the native speakers in the towers should also be trained how to communicate clearly, precisely and, most importantly, slowly.
Jenny Neumann, Feldkirchen, Germany
John,Woking, Surrey....You are 1000% 'correct'....
Mr Tim, san marcos, U S of A
I would like to hear a tape of the conversation. I know that living in America, I cannot understand Indians speaking English 75% of the time, and I cannot understand Brits about 10% of the time. Maybe he learned English elsewhere than the UK and that lead to the problem. Let's hear the tape.
Chuck Paugh, Portland, OR, USA
So what we are saying is that LOT, the Polish airline, wish to gamble with men,women and childrens lives for a further 3 years whilst they teach their pilots to speak English so they can navigate !!. It is disgusting if the UK authorities do not immediately suspend LOT form flying into UK airspace
John, Woking, Surrey